{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:57:09Z","timestamp":1778097429947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006206","name":"Faculty of Engineering at Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019:31170\/1312\/3121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019:31170\/1312\/3121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006206","name":"Faculty of Engineering at Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020:31170\/1312\/3112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020:31170\/1312\/3112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of grape residues as a renewable energy source for combustion presents various problems. One of these is the excessive production of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Analyses and combustion tests were performed on white and red grape pomace as well as grape stems. To verify the possibility of a reduction in emissions, straw of Miscanthus sinensis was added to mixtures with red grape pomace. Emission concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides were determined on a grate combustion device with a nominal thermal output of 8 kW under steady-state conditions. In addition to these emission concentrations, the excess air factor and the flue gas temperature were monitored. The results show a high energy content in grape residues. In red grape pomace, the gross calorific value of dry matter reached 22.17 MJ kg\u22121. Unfavourable properties included high ash and nitrogen contents. During combustion tests on all types of grape residue, the emission concentrations of carbon monoxide were above the legal limit for the combustion of solid fuels. The addition of Miscanthus straw improved the behaviour during combustion. The maximum content of grape pomace in the mixture capable of meeting legislative emission requirements was 50% wt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15207288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:58:51Z","timestamp":1666141131000},"page":"7288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Reducing Emissions from Combustion of Grape Residues in Mixtures with Herbaceous Biomass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Mala\u0165\u00e1k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Velebil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Mala\u0165\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lubo\u0161","family":"Passian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Bradna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0936-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"Tamelov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3370-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Gendek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Aniszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.02.015","article-title":"A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers","volume":"15","author":"Saidur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. 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