{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:53:02Z","timestamp":1791874382750,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the transportation technology project of the department of transport of Hubei province","award":["2022-11-1-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-11-1-10"]}]},{"name":"the transportation technology project of the department of transport of Hubei province","award":["K2021032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2021032"]}]},{"name":"the transportation technology project of the department of transport of Hubei province","award":["202171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202171"]}]},{"name":"the scientific research fund project of the Wuhan institute of technology","award":["2022-11-1-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-11-1-10"]}]},{"name":"the scientific research fund project of the Wuhan institute of technology","award":["K2021032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2021032"]}]},{"name":"the scientific research fund project of the Wuhan institute of technology","award":["202171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202171"]}]},{"name":"the strength formation mechanism and application of self-compacting asphalt pavement materials at ambient temperature for urban roads of science and technology planning project of Hubei Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","award":["2022-11-1-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-11-1-10"]}]},{"name":"the strength formation mechanism and application of self-compacting asphalt pavement materials at ambient temperature for urban roads of science and technology planning project of Hubei Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","award":["K2021032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2021032"]}]},{"name":"the strength formation mechanism and application of self-compacting asphalt pavement materials at ambient temperature for urban roads of science and technology planning project of Hubei Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","award":["202171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202171"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) has excellent high-temperature performance and fatigue resistance, and is widely used in asphalt pavement to cope with increasing traffic axle load and changing climate. Under conventional preparation conditions, the swelling degree of CR can directly impact the comprehensive properties of CRMB; however, physical and chemical properties research on swelling crumb rubber (SCR) and crumb rubber recycled bitumen (CRRB) in CRMB is relatively lacking. In this paper, the working performance of CRMB and CRRB in high-temperature and low-temperature conditions were studied through physical and working performance testing of bitumen. The CR and SCR were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and particle size distribution (PSD) tests to study the physicochemical behavior and microscopic effects before and after CR swelling. The results showed that CR dosage was in the range of 10%, 15%, and 20%, as well as that CR dosages have a positive effect on the high- and low-temperature performance, storage stability, and elastic recovery of bitumen. The high-temperature PG grades of bitumen were directly improved by four grades, and the elastic recovery rate increased by 339.9%. CR improved the ultra-low temperature crack resistance of bitumen. Due to the absorption of lighter components by CR, the relative content of the heavy component of bitumen increased; however, its low-temperature performance decreased significantly. After swelling, the CR particle size increased and the range became wider, the surface complexity of CR became higher, and the specific surface area was larger. At the same time, CR carried out the transformation process from large and medium molecules to small molecules. During the swelling process, a new benzene ring structure appeared in the CR, and the C\u2013C bond and C\u2013S bond of CR broke, forming part of the C=C bond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15227987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1668399850000},"page":"7987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Swelled Mechanism of Crumb Rubber and Technical Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0555-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2825-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxue","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langrun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengjun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120372","article-title":"Rubber asphalt modified with waste cooking oil residue: Optimized preparation, rheological property, storage stability and aging characteristic","volume":"258","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. 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