{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:42:51Z","timestamp":1784234571294,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Tianjin municipal Education Commission","award":["2018KJ247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018KJ247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Struvite is a chemically bonded ceramic product in the pipeline of a sewage treatment plant. In order to explore the fire extinguishing potential of struvite, a new type of struvite ultrafine dry powder with excellent performance was prepared by a simple process, and its fire extinguishing performance and mechanism were analyzed in depth. Under the same process conditions, the refinement degree (D50 = 5.132 \u03bcm) and the specific surface area (BET = 25.72 m2\/g) of ultrafine struvite were larger than those of NH4H2PO4 (D50 = 8.961 \u03bcm, BET = 13.64 m2\/g), making struvite more suitable for fire extinguishing. Besides, the pyrolysis process of struvite was relatively concentrated and absorbed more heat in a short time. Its heat absorption (458.4 J\/mg) was higher than that of NH4H2PO4 (156.4 J\/mg). Water, ammonia, and PO\u00b7 were released during the pyrolysis of struvite, which effectively reduced fire temperature, diluted oxygen concentrations and captured free radicals. At the same time, the final products were magnesium orthophosphate and magnesium pyrophosphate, which formed a dense flame-retardant ceramic layer with good thermal insulation and environmental protection functions. In these cases, the fire extinguishing mechanism of struvite was determined to have three stages: the cooling effect, the asphyxiation effect, and the chemical effect. Correspondingly, the fire extinguishing time of struvite was three seconds faster than that of ammonium phosphate under 0.2 MPa based on the local oil basin test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15228021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1668400252000},"page":"8021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fire Extinguishing Performance of Chemically Bonded Struvite Ceramic Powder with High Heat-Absorbing and Flame Retardant Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zilong","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiji","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinya","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoshuai","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.2750","article-title":"Fire Suppression Performance of a New Type of Composite Superfine Dry Powder","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fire Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.1058","article-title":"Fire Suppressing Performance of Superfine Potassium Bicarbonate Powder","volume":"35","author":"Kuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fire Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.100964","article-title":"Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Packing of Powder Beds: A Critical Discussion Relevant to Additive Manufacturing","volume":"24","author":"Averardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. 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