{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:53:45Z","timestamp":1760244825224,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development","award":["Tango2\/340001\/NCBR\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tango2\/340001\/NCBR\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of a magnesium oxide admixture on the activation process and catalytic activity of the iron catalyst with a wustite structure was investigated during the ammonia synthesis reaction. The incorporation of magnesium oxide into wustite grains is considered to be a structure-forming and activating promoter. It stabilizes the \u03b1-Fe structure and increases the activity of the catalysts in the ammonia synthesis reaction. Moreover, magnesium oxide forms a solid solution with the wustite, which slows down the reduction of a catalyst precursor. Similar to calcium and potassium compounds, magnesium oxide is present on the \u03b1-Fe surface of the active form of the catalyst. The optimum MgO concentration in the catalyst structure was determined to be 1.2% wt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15238309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1669175292000},"page":"8309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Magnesium Oxide on the Structure and Catalytic Activity of the Wustite Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Jurkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1338-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7722-7540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Moszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Pelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6780-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zofia","family":"Lendzion-Bielu\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piast\u00f3w Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Chinese, Ammonia synthesis catalyst 100 years: Practice, enlightenment and challenge","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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