{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:30:41Z","timestamp":1791739841242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research and Technology","award":["225-106\/UN7.6.1\/PP\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["225-106\/UN7.6.1\/PP\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, there has been an increase in the number of studies conducted on the process of developing hydroxyapatite (HA) to use in biocomposites. HA can be derived from natural sources such as bovine bone. The HA usage obtained from green mussel shells in biocomposites in this study will be explored. The research goal is to investigate the composition effect of biomaterials derived from polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), as well as HA obtained from green mussel shells with a chemical blending method on mechanical properties and degradation rate. First, 80 mL of chloroform solution was utilized to immerse 16 g of the PLA\/PCL mixture with the ratios of 85:15 and 60:40 for 30 min. A magnetic stirrer was used to mix the solution for an additional 30 min at a temperature and speed of 50 \u00b0C and 300 rpm. Next, the hydroxyapatite (HA) was added in percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15%, as well as 20% of the PLA\/PCL mixture\u2019s total weight. It was then stirred for 1 h at 100 rpm at 65 \u00b0C to produce a homogeneous mixture of HA and polymer. The biocomposite mixture was then added into a glass mold as per ASTM D790. Following this, biocomposite specimens were tested for their density, biodegradability, and three points of bending in determining the effect of HA and polymer composition on the degradation rate and mechanical properties. According to the findings of this study, increasing the HA and PLA composition yields a rise in the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. However, the biocomposite degradation rate is increasing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15238641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T07:07:31Z","timestamp":1670224051000},"page":"8641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characterization of PLA\/PCL\/Green Mussel Shells Hydroxyapatite (HA) Biocomposites Prepared by Chemical Blending Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rifky","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterial, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tezara","family":"Cionita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin Ling","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deni Fajar","family":"Fitriyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Januar Parlaungan","family":"Siregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasius Priharyoto","family":"Bayuseno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1538-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fariz Wisda","family":"Nugraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterial, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rilo Chandra","family":"Muhamadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterial, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustinus Purna","family":"Irawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta Barat 11440, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agung Efriyo","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malahayati, Bandar Lampung 35153, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, December 31). 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