{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:07:38Z","timestamp":1762081658606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the present article is to study the bending strength of glulam prepared by plane tree (Platanus Orientalis-L) wood layers adhered by UF resin with different formaldehyde to urea molar ratios containing the modified starch adhesive with different NaOCl concentrations. Artificial neural network (ANN) as a modern tool was used to predict this response, too. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were used to predict the modulus of rapture (MOR) and the statistics, including the determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to validate the prediction. Combining the ANN and the genetic algorithm by using the multiple objective and nonlinear constraint functions, the optimum point was determined based on the experimental and estimated data, respectively. The characterization analysis, performed by FTIR and XRD, was used to describe the effect of the inputs on the output. The results indicated that the statistics obtained show excellent MOR predictions by the feed-forward neural network using Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithms. The comparison of the optimal output of the actual values obtained by the genetic algorithm resulting from the multi-objective function and the optimal output of the values estimated by the nonlinear constraint function indicates a minimum difference between both functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15249074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:05:09Z","timestamp":1671440709000},"page":"9074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Improved Optimization Model to Predict the MOR of Glulam Prepared by UF-Oxidized Starch Adhesive: A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Modified Genetic Algorithm Optimization Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9319-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Nazerian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio Systems, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio Systems, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossin Jalali","family":"Torshizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio Refinery, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios N.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, GR-661 00 Drama, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Hamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio Refinery, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Vatankhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio Systems, Faculty of New Technologies and Aerospace Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2019.04.007","article-title":"Technological performance of formaldehyde-free adhesive alternatives for particleboard industry","volume":"94","author":"Solt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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