{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:53:49Z","timestamp":1787028829741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Bao-Wu Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.","award":["U1860108, U1860203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1860108, U1860203"]}]},{"name":"China Bao-Wu Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.","award":["52022054, 51974181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52022054, 51974181"]}]},{"name":"China Bao-Wu Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.","award":["19QA1403600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19QA1403600"]}]},{"name":"China Bao-Wu Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.","award":["TP2019041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP2019041"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U1860108, U1860203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1860108, U1860203"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52022054, 51974181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52022054, 51974181"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["19QA1403600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19QA1403600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["TP2019041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP2019041"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["U1860108, U1860203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1860108, U1860203"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["52022054, 51974181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52022054, 51974181"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["19QA1403600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19QA1403600"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","award":["TP2019041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP2019041"]}]},{"name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","award":["U1860108, U1860203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1860108, U1860203"]}]},{"name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","award":["52022054, 51974181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52022054, 51974181"]}]},{"name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","award":["19QA1403600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19QA1403600"]}]},{"name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","award":["TP2019041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP2019041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the desulfurization of sintering flue gas with hydrate (Ca(OH)2) as an absorbent was investigated, and the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and its effect on the desulfurization was discussed. The competitive relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) with the deacidification agent in sintering flue gas is discussed thermodynamically, showing that sulfates are more likely to be generated under high oxygen potential conditions and that SO2 reacts more preferentially than CO2 under a thermodynamic standard state. The amount of produced CaCO3 increases under the condition that the CO2 concentration is absolutely dominant to SO2 in the sintering flue gas atmosphere. The effect of temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration on the desulfurization of Ca(OH)2 are discussed experimentally. The increasing temperature is not conducive to desulfurization, and the humidity can promote desulfurization, while excessive humidity could inhibit desulfurization. The suitable relative humidity is 20%. In situ generated calcium carbonate has a certain desulfurization effect, but the desulfurization effect is not as good as Ca(OH)2. However, a large proportion of CaCO3 was produced in the desulfurization ash under the condition that CO2 concentration was absolutely dominant to SO2 in the sintering flue gas atmosphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16010303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1672282482000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of CO2 on the Desulfurization of Sintering Flue Gas with Hydrated Lime"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Ironmaking Plant, Shanghai Meishan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinqing","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3234-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xionggang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Emission Characteristics of Multiple Pollutants from Iron- Steel Sintering Flue Gas and Review of Control Technologies","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research Progress of the Effects of Ca-Based Sorbents on the NO_x Reaction in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers","volume":"25","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clean Coal Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.08.103","article-title":"An Advanced Wet Method for Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO from Coal-Fired Flue Gas by Utilizing a Complex Absorbent","volume":"307","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Research Status and Progress of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology","volume":"48","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(93)85003-8","article-title":"A Method for Measuring the Reactivity of Absorbents for Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"48","author":"Ahlbeck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250-022-00447-9","article-title":"Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids for Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Real Heavy Crude Oil","volume":"5","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Afr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2022.03.047","article-title":"Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Ultrasonic-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Actual Heavy Crude Oil","volume":"182","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2022.112020","article-title":"Removal of Sulfur Compounds from Real Diesel Fuel Employing the Encapsulated Mesoporous Material Adsorbent Co\/MCM-41 in a Fixed-Bed Column","volume":"341","author":"Khadim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119849","article-title":"Summary of Research Progress on Industrial Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2017.10.005","article-title":"Research Progress of Common Metal Oxides for Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.11.021","article-title":"O3 Oxidation Combined with Semi-Dry Method for Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification of Sintering\/Pelletizing Flue Gas","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2019.110549","article-title":"Active Sites Assembly Effect on CeO2-WO3-TiO2 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3","volume":"479","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S1004-9541(07)60117-7","article-title":"Kinetic Model and Simulation of Promoted Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction by Sodium Carbonate","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1021\/ef3016975","article-title":"Effects of Concentration and Adsorption Product on the Adsorption of SO2 and NO on Activated Carbon","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122270","article-title":"Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO Using a Novel Method with Red Mud as Absorbent Combined with O3 Oxidation","volume":"392","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b02717","article-title":"Characteristics of O3 Oxidation for Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitration with Limestone\u2013Gypsum Wet Scrubbing: Application in a Carbon Black Drying Kiln Furnace","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"407","article-title":"A Surface Coverage Model for the Reaction of Ca(OH)2 with SO2 at Low Temperatures","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chin. Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(03)00222-7","article-title":"Characteristics and Reactivities of Ca(OH)2\/Silica Fume Sorbents for Low-Temperature Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3775\/jie.98.44","article-title":"Influence between Desulfurization and Defluorination Reactions Using Ca(OH)2 in the Simulated Coal-Briquettes","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Inst. Energy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1021\/ie020289o","article-title":"Structural Properties and Reactivities of Ca(OH)2\/Fly Ash Sorbents for Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1021\/ie060126q","article-title":"Study of Sorbents Prepared from Clays and CaO or Ca(OH)2 for SO2 Removal at Low Temperature","volume":"45","author":"Renedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1021\/ie901401j","article-title":"Study on the Effect of CO2 on the Consumption of Desulfurizing Agent Ca(OH)2 in Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7120","DOI":"10.1021\/ie051253+","article-title":"Ca-Based Sorbents Modified with Humic Acid for Flue Gas Desulfurization","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(95)00043-5","article-title":"Ultrafast Calcination and Sintering of Ca(OH)2 Powder: Experimental and Modeling","volume":"50","author":"Mahuli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2149","article-title":"Microstructure Evolution of Procedural Products during Limestone Simultaneous Calcination\/Sulfation","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"CIESC J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(00)00021-6","article-title":"Sulfation Phenomena in Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems","volume":"27","author":"Anthony","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2008.01.032","article-title":"A Realistic Approach to Modeling an In-Duct Desulfurization Process Based on an Experimental Pilot Plant Study","volume":"141","author":"Ollero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Effect of Relative Humidity on Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization by Calcium-Based Desulfurizer","volume":"14","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Environ. Eng."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/1\/303\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:34Z","timestamp":1760147674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/1\/303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ma16010303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16010303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]}}}