{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:14:21Z","timestamp":1770351261334,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Takahashi Industrial and Economic Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humic substances are constituents of organic matter that require removal from water environments because of their adverse ecological and sanitation effects. A mixture of hydrogarnet and poly(lactic acid) dissolved in chloroform was electrospun to prepare a composite as a adsorbent for humic substance removal. Here, humic acid was used as the model substance for evaluating the adsorbent\u2019s water remediation efficiency. Despite the hydrogarnet particles being embedded in its poly(lactic acid) fibers, the composites demonstrated a higher humic acid removal ability than the pure poly(lactic acid) sample prepared using an electrospinning process. Pores were introduced to the fiber surfaces of the composite by controlling the relative humidity during electrospinning, thus enhancing their humic acid removal ability (4.6 \u00b1 2.4 mg\/g), compared to the composite consisting of the fibers without pores (1.2 \u00b1 0.9 mg\/g).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16010336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:19:46Z","timestamp":1672370386000},"page":"336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preparation of Hydrogarnet\/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composite Adsorbents for Humic Substance Removal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shogo","family":"Minowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1021\/es0616534","article-title":"Adsorption of humic acid onto nanoscale zerovalent iron and its effect on arsenic removal","volume":"41","author":"Giasuddin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.06.051","article-title":"Transformation of humic acid and halogenated byproduct formation in UV-chlorine processes","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2175\/106143013X13807328848775","article-title":"Synthesis of TiO2 and TiO2-Pt and their application in photocatalytic degradation of humic acid","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2006.05.043","article-title":"Evaluation of adsorption and coagulation characteristics of humic acids preceded by alternative advanced oxidation techniques","volume":"210","author":"Uyguner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2007.08.005","article-title":"Competition and complexation of heavy metal ions and humic acid on zeolitic MCM-22 and activated carbon","volume":"139","author":"Terkiatburana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2175\/106143006X111772","article-title":"Removal of humic substances from water by means of calcium-ion-enriched natural zeolite","volume":"79","author":"Capasso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172023","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.172023","article-title":"Adsorption behaviour of hydrogarnet for humic acid","volume":"5","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.130285","article-title":"Adsorption and recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by katoite: Performance and mechanism","volume":"655","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physichochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.10.210","article-title":"Amidoxime functionalized polymers of intrinsic mictoporositu (PIM-1) electrospun ultrafine fibers for rapid removal of uranyl ions from water","volume":"467","author":"Satilmis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.02.241","article-title":"Hierarchical porous membrane via electorspinning PIM-1 for micropollutants removal","volume":"443","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2011.05.007","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of LATP\/PAN composite fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators","volume":"56","author":"Liang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.09.014","article-title":"Guided bone regeneration membrane made of polycaprolactone\/calcium carbonate composite nano-fibers","volume":"26","author":"Fujihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.05.168","article-title":"Control of chemical composition of hydrogrossular prepared by hydrothermal reaction","volume":"131","author":"Maeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1021\/bm060786e","article-title":"Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex nanofibers","volume":"7","author":"Tsuji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0541-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of humic substance removal during the coagulation process","volume":"1","author":"Rucka","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.01.058","article-title":"Fabrication of novel poly(lactic acid)\/amorphous magnesium phosphate bionanocomposite fibers for tissue engineering applications via electrospinning","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-011-5834-8","article-title":"Preparation of porous poly(L-lactic acid)\/tobermorite composite membranes via electrospinning and heat treatment","volume":"47","author":"Okuyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.2447","article-title":"Non-ionic surfactants for enhancing electrospinability and for the preparation of electrospun nanofibers","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-008-0023-3","article-title":"Effect of concentration on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.025","article-title":"Fabricating porous poly(lactic acid) fibres via electrospinning","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"592","article-title":"Electrospinning of Poly(L-lactide-co-D, L-lactide)","volume":"13","author":"Jeun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Indust. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1021\/es9810179","article-title":"Role of granular activated carbon surface chemistry on the adsorption of organic compounds. 2. Natural organic matter","volume":"33","author":"Karanfil","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1021\/la702914q","article-title":"Humic acid fractionation upon sequential adsorption onto goethite","volume":"24","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeda, H., Minowa, S., Urushihara, D., and Asaka, T. (2022). Controlling the chemical composition of garnet with hydroxy groups for humic acid removal. Ceram. Int., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.11.307"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1021\/es702916h","article-title":"Natural organic matter (NOM) adsorption to muli-walled carbon nanotubes: Effect of NOM characteristics and water quality parameters","volume":"42","author":"Hyung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/1\/336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:45Z","timestamp":1760147745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/1\/336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ma16010336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16010336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]}}}