{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:01Z","timestamp":1760147101041,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Economy of The Slovak Republic","award":["255\/2022-2060-3220-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["255\/2022-2060-3220-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the article is to examine the workability of sintered powder material of aluminum alloy (Alumix 321) through severe plastic deformations under the conditions of the equal channel angular rolling (ECAR) process. Accordingly, the stress\u2013strain analysis of the ECAR was carried out through a computer simulation using the finite element method (FEM) by Deform 3D software. Additionally, the formability of the ALUMIX 321 was investigated using the diametrical compression (DC) test, which was measured and analyzed by digital image correlation and finite element simulation. The relationship between failure mode and stress state in the ECAR process and the DC test was quantified using stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter. It is concluded that the sintered powder material during the ECAR processing failure by a shearing fracture because in the fracture location the stress conditions were close to the pure shear (\u03b7 and \u03b8\u00af \u2248 0). Moreover, the DC test revealed the potential role as the method of calibration of the fracture locus for stress conditions between the pure shear and the axial symmetry compression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16020601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T05:57:14Z","timestamp":1673243834000},"page":"601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Powder Metallurgy Workpiece Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Rolling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Ko\u010di\u0161ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komensk\u00e9ho 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Kva\u010dkaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3462-3148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Bidulsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komensk\u00e9ho 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8716-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Bidulsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Petrou\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komensk\u00e9ho 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imrich","family":"Pokorn\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komensk\u00e9ho 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miloslav","family":"Lupt\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komensk\u00e9ho 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Actis Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2006.02.003","article-title":"Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement","volume":"51","author":"Valiev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidulsk\u00e1, J., Bidulsk\u00fd, R., Actis Grande, M., and Kva\u010dkaj, T. (2019). Different Formation Routes of Pore Structure in Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Alloy. 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