{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:13:45Z","timestamp":1782436425889,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Proyecto Apoyado por el Fondo Sectorial de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Educaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-S-38368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-38368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherosclerosis lesions are described as the formation of an occlusive wall-vessel plaque that can exacerbate infarctions, strokes, and even death. Furthermore, atherosclerosis damages the endothelium integrity, avoiding proper regeneration after stent implantation. Therefore, we investigate the beneficial effects of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) in promoting the initial response of detrimental human atherosclerotic-derived endothelial cells (AThEC). We synthesized and characterized NTs on Ti6Al4V by anodization. We isolated AThEC and tested the adhesion long-lasting proliferation activity, and the modulation of focal adhesions conducted on the materials. Moreover, ultrastructural cell-surface contact at the nanoscale and membrane roughness were evaluated to explain the results. Our findings depicted improved filopodia and focal adhesions stimulated by the NTs. Similarly, the NTs harbored long-lasting proliferative metabolism after 5 days, explained by overcoming cell-contact interactions at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the senescent activity detected in the AThEC could be mitigated by the modified membrane roughness and cellular stretch orchestrated by the NTs. Importantly, the NTs stimulate the initial endothelial anchorage and metabolic recovery required to regenerate the endothelial monolayer. Despite the dysfunctional status of the AThEC, our study brings new evidence for the potential application of nano-configured biomaterials for innovation in stent technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16020794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T04:02:04Z","timestamp":1673582524000},"page":"794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Atherosclerotic-Derived Endothelial Cell Response Conducted by Titanium Oxide Nanotubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Partida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Valdez-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gutierrez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Castillo-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Salvador-Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju\u00e1rez y Calle de la Normal s\/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcocer-Ca\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica de Cirug\u00eda, Hospital General de Zona No. 30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. 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