{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:30:50Z","timestamp":1767990650027,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["386\/390062\/04.10.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["386\/390062\/04.10.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huge amounts of vegetable waste, mainly resulting from the food industry, need large areas for storage, as they could cause hazardous environmental impact, leading to soil and water pollution or to CO2 emissions during accidental incineration. This work was aimed at recycling certain lignocellulosic waste (walnut shells, kernels of peach, apricot, and olive) to design advanced carbon material precursors (ACMP) to be used for obtaining nano-powders with high applicative potential in pollution abatement. Both waste and ACMP were characterized using proximate and elemental analysis, and by optical microscopy. Complex characterization of raw materials by FTIR, TGA-DTG, and SEM analysis were carried out. The ACMP were synthetized at 600\u2013700 \u00b0C by innovative microwave heating technology which offers the advantages of lower energy consumption using 3.3 kW equipment at laboratory level. The ACMP ash &lt; 3% and increased carbon content of 87% enabled the development of an extended pore network depending on degassing conditions during heating. TEM analysis revealed a well-developed porous structure of the synthesized ACMP carbonaceous materials. Due to the presence of oxygen functional groups, ACMPs exhibit adsorption properties highlighted by an iodine index of max. 500 mg\/g and surface area BET of 300 m2\/g, which make them attractive for removal of environmental pollutants such as dyes having molecule sizes below 2 nm and ions with pore dimensions below 1 nm, widely used industrially and found in underground waters (NO3\u2212) or waste waters (SO42\u2212).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16031036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:23:49Z","timestamp":1674617029000},"page":"1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Green Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials Used as Precursors for Adsorbents Applied in Wastewater Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgeta","family":"Predeanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerica","family":"Sl\u0103vescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius Florin","family":"Dr\u0103goescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niculina Mihaela","family":"B\u0103l\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Fiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Cosfel Actual SRL, Grivi\u021bei Rd., 95-97, Sector 1, 010705 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Meghea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petrisor","family":"Samoila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Harabagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ignat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Manea-Saghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan Stefan","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bdv., 061344 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9450-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Protection and Ecofriendly Technologies, University POLITEHNICA 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