{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:46:11Z","timestamp":1792806371444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Technology Council (NSTC)","award":["NSTC 110-2634-F-007-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 110-2634-F-007-024"]}]},{"name":"National Science Technology Council (NSTC)","award":["NSTC 110-2224-E-007-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 110-2224-E-007-001"]}]},{"name":"National Science Technology Council (NSTC)","award":["NSTC 108-2221-E-007-061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 108-2221-E-007-061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on multi-component alloys using precipitation hardening, a Cu-Ni-Si-Fe copper alloy was prepared and studied for hardness, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance. Copper Nickel Silicon (Cu-Ni-Si) intermetallic compounds were observed as precipitates, leading to an increase in mechanical and physical properties. Further, the addition of Fe was discussed in intermetallic compound formation. Moreover, microstructures, age hardening, and dry sliding wear resistances of the present alloy were analyzed and compared with C17200 beryllium copper. The results showed that the present alloy performed extraordinarily, with 314 HV in hardness and 22.2 %IACS in conductivity, which is almost similar to C17200 alloy. Furthermore, the dry sliding wear resistance of the present alloy was 2199.3 (m\/MPa\u00b7mm3) at an ambient temperature, leading to an improvement of 208% compared with the C17200 alloy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16031193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1675077593000},"page":"1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigation of Microstructure and Wear Properties of Precipitates-Strengthened Cu-Ni-Si-Fe Alloy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4406-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Hao","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Yu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woei-Shyang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pai-Keng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jien-Wei","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Wei","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3072-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Che-Wei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"},{"name":"High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Davis, J.R. 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