{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:47:37Z","timestamp":1792036057216,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg (ReForM A program)"},{"name":"German Society of Dental, Oral and Craniomandibular Sciences; Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Teeth with different chemical compositions can show vastly different physical properties, so knowledge of elemental composition is required to use animal teeth as substitutes for human teeth in research. In vitro, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), improved by calibration standards and Si3N4-window material, enables determining local elemental compositions of inorganic and organic compounds without sample destruction. Six human molars, bovine incisors, murine incisors, and murine molars were analyzed. EDX-field scans and line scans were analyzed for elements Ca, P, O, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl, and S. Furthermore, Ca\/P- and Ca\/N-Ratios were calculated. The presence of iron in murine incisor enamel was investigated using additional wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements (WDX) near the enamel surface. Bovine and human enamel and dentin revealed close similarities regarding elemental composition. The median (25\u201375% percentiles) of At%Ca was 21.1 (20.8\u201321.3) in human enamel, 21.0 (20.7\u201321.2) in bovine enamel, and in murine enamel, 18.3 (17.85\u201318.88) for molars and 18.35 (18.00\u201318.75) for incisors. In dentin, murine teeth revealed a higher At%Ca compared to human and bovine teeth. Significant differences between human and bovine teeth were found for nitrogen in dentin, with a median of 4.5 (3.3\u20135) At%N for human dentin and 2.7 (2.3\u20133.2) At%N for bovine dentin. The Ca\/P-Ratio was the highest in human and bovine enamel, which did not differ significantly. Enamel from murine molars had a higher Ca\/P-Ratio than murine incisors and the highest Ca\/P-Ratio in dentin was observed for human teeth and murine molars (1.49). WDX revealed iron in the outer 10 \u00b5m of pre- and post-eruptive enamel of murine incisors. Pre- and post-eruptive enamel on murine incisors only differed significantly in At%Ca (p = 0.041) and At%P (p = 0.026) with both At% higher in the pre-eruptive enamel. Murine teeth differ significantly from human and bovine teeth in terms of the elemental composition of enamel and dentin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16041514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"1514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Elemental Compositions of Enamel or Dentin in Human and Bovine Teeth Differ from Murine Teeth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Steffen","family":"M\u00f6hring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Cieplik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Anton","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Ebensberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlinde","family":"Ferstl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Hermens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Zaparty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Witzgall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mansfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Buchalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-4238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin Johannes","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strau\u00df-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.05.002","article-title":"The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Experimental Dental Caries in Mice","volume":"105","author":"Bahdila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. 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