{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:12:31Z","timestamp":1790745151205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI\u2014UEFISCDI","award":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-0601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-0601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rail pad is the elastic element between the rail and the sleeper that has the role of absorbing the mechanical stresses from the rail and reducing the vibrations and shocks generated by wheel\u2013rail interactions. In this paper, the problem of the influence of the variability of the nonlinear load-deformation characteristic of rail pads (resulting from the manufacturing process) on wheel\u2013rail vibrations is investigated. The limit load-deformation characteristics of a manufactured rail pad and the medium load-deformation characteristic resulting as the arithmetic mean of the two are considered. The nonlinear load-deformation characteristic of the ballast is also considered. All these characteristics are approximated with the help of the bilinear function and are implemented in a track model consisting of an infinite Euler-Bernoulli beam placed on a two-elastic layer continuous foundation with inertial insertion, resulting in a model with an inhomogeneous foundation. The parameters of the inhomogeneous foundation are established from the equilibrium condition under a static load. Wheel\u2013rail vibrations are studied in terms of the contact force and the acceleration of the rail and wheel. The influence of the variability of the elastic characteristics of the rail pad manifests itself in the field of medium frequencies, which amplify or attenuate the vibration levels in certain bands of one-third of an octave.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16041531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Parametric Study of the Influence of Nonlinear Elastic Characteristics of Rail Pads on Wheel\u2013Rail Vibrations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0302-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traian","family":"Mazilu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Railway Vehicles, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Dumitriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Railway Vehicles, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionu\u021b-Radu","family":"R\u0103c\u0103nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strength of Materials, Bridges and Tunnels, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, 020396 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Prospect: Vossloh Fastening Systems."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2006.05.034","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of free vibration characteristics of an in-situ railway concrete sleeper to variations of rail pad parameters","volume":"298","author":"Kaewunruen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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