{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:58:07Z","timestamp":1760147887397,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed 12-membered silica-tetrahedra-ringed Na5YSi4O12-type sodium ion conducting glass-ceramics on the basis of the composition Na3+3x-yR1-xPySi3-yO9 (R: rare earth elements; denoted as Narpsio); especially, the material of Na4Y0.6P0.2Si2.8O9 with the combined parameters of (x, y) = (0.4, 0.2) gives rise to the maximum conductivity of 1 \u00d7 10\u22121 Scm\u22121 at 300 \u00b0C. Because glass-ceramics generally have the advantage of structural rigidity and chemical durability over sintered polycrystalline ceramics, the present study employed glass-ceramic Narpsio to perform chemically driven ion exchange of Na+ with protonated water molecules with an aim to produce a proton conductor. The ion exchange was carried out in a hydrochloric acid solution by changing immersion time, temperature, and acid concentration. The ion exchanged Na4Y0.6P0.2Si2.8O9-based glass-ceramics were analyzed by the complex impedance method, and the proton conductivity was found to exhibit 3 \u00d7 10\u22124 Scm\u22121 at 300 \u00b0C with the activation energy of 59 kJ\/mol. The dependence of humidity-sensitive conductivity of the ion exchanged bulk glass-ceramics was also examined; the conductivity increased almost linearly from 0.6 \u00d7 10\u22124 Scm\u22121 in dry air to 1.5 \u00d7 10\u22124 Scm\u22121 in 75% humid ambience at 300 \u00b0C. Thus, the ion exchanged glass-ceramics can be considered to be high temperature proton conductors as well as humidity sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16062155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T01:58:22Z","timestamp":1678240702000},"page":"2155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chemically Driven Ion Exchanging Synthesis of Na5YSi4O12-Based Glass-Ceramic Proton Conductors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshinori","family":"Okura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakano 2665-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakano 2665-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakano 2665-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakano 2665-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakano 2665-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Open Innovation, Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-21-1, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2738(85)90134-1","article-title":"Ion Exchange Kinetics of Polycrystalline Na\/K\u03b2\/\u03b2\u2033-Al2O3","volume":"15","author":"Nagai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2738(85)90135-3","article-title":"Polycrystalline H3O+-\u03b2\u201d\/\u03b2-Alumina-Fabrication Characterisation and Use for Steam Electrolysis","volume":"15","author":"Nicholson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2738(91)90046-E","article-title":"Characterization of Protonically Exchanged NASICON","volume":"48","author":"Komorowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2738(01)00683-X","article-title":"Reaction of NASICON with Water","volume":"139","author":"Fuentes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Solid State Ion."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2020.109012","article-title":"Investigation of the Stability of NASICON-type Solid Electrolyte in Neutral-Alkaline Aqueous Solutions","volume":"177","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Corr. 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