{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:18:16Z","timestamp":1789507096899,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52104093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52104093"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52204099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52204099"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52209141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52209141"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2022QE203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QE203"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2022QE137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QE137"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["52104093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52104093"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["52204099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52204099"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["52209141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52209141"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["ZR2022QE203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QE203"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["ZR2022QE137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QE137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anisotropic discontinuity exists widely in rock masses of mines, tunnels, slopes, water conservancy and hydropower projects. The shear characteristics of bolted anisotropic rock joints are extremely important for the stability design of engineering rock mass. However, few scholars have studied the bolted anisotropic rock joint. The different rock properties on both sides of the rock joint, especially the different rock strengths, will greatly affect the deformation characteristics and failure mode of the rock mass. Based on this, a series of shear tests were carried out on the bolted anisotropic rock joint under different normal stresses, and the characteristics of shear stress\u2013shear displacement curve, shear strength, failure characteristics of the rock joint and deformation characteristics of the bolt are discussed. \u03bb is defined as the strength ratio of upper and lower rock on the structural surface. The results show that the effect of \u03bb on the shear stress\u2013shear displacement curve is not obvious at the pre-fracture stage. The shear stress\u2013shear displacement curve at the pre-breaking stage of the bolt presents a softening stage when the normal stress is equal to 0.5 MPa, tends to be horizontal when the normal stress is equal to 1 MPa and presents a hardening stage when the normal stress is greater than 1 MPa. After the bolt is broken, the shear stress\u2013shear displacement curve presents a stepped-down descent. With the increase in \u03bb, the breaking shear stress of the bolt increases. Elliptic failure occurs on the surface of the bolted anisotropic rock joint, and the length of the major axis of the ellipse decreases with the increase in \u03bb value and normal stress. The bolts with different \u03bb values of anisotropic rock joint show \u201cZ-shaped\u201d tensile bending deformation characteristics after shear fracture, and the horizontal and vertical components of the bolt deformation decrease with the increase in \u03bb value and normal stress. The fracture shear displacement of the bolt increases with the increase in normal stress and decreases with the increase in \u03bb value. The research results are helpful to further understand the shear mechanical characteristics and differences of bolted rock joints and provide a reference for solving the engineering problems of the composite layered rock mass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16062210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T01:31:41Z","timestamp":1678411901000},"page":"2210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Study on Shear Behavior and Failure Characteristics of Bolted Anisotropic Rock Joints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiankang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengjie","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Shanghaimiao Mining Co., Ltd., Ordos 016299, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9098-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2765","article-title":"Pre-peak shear constitutive model considering the softening shear stiffness and its influencing factors","volume":"43","author":"Ban","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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