{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:28:09Z","timestamp":1792553289087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51922082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51971170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51971170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BP0618008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP0618008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QFY10-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QFY10-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"111 Project of China 2.0","award":["51922082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922082"]}]},{"name":"111 Project of China 2.0","award":["51971170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51971170"]}]},{"name":"111 Project of China 2.0","award":["BP0618008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP0618008"]}]},{"name":"111 Project of China 2.0","award":["2022QFY10-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QFY10-03"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["51922082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922082"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["51971170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51971170"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["BP0618008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP0618008"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["2022QFY10-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QFY10-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zirconium (Zr) hydrides threaten the reliability of fuel assembly and have repeatedly induced failures in cladding tubes and pressure vessels. Thus, they attract a broad range of research interests. For example, delayed hydride cracking induced a severe fracture and failure in a Zircaloy-2 pressure tube in 1983, causing the emergency shutdown of the Pickering nuclear reactor. Hydride has high hardness and very low toughness, and it tends to aggregate toward cooler or tensile regions, which initiates localized hydride precipitation and results in delayed hydride cracking. Notably, hydride reorientation under tensile stress substantially decreases the fracture toughness and increases the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of Zr alloys, which reduces the safety of the long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel. Therefore, improving our knowledge of Zr hydrides is useful for effectively controlling hydride embrittlement in fuel assembly. The aim of this review is to reorganize the mechanisms of hydride nucleation and growth behaviors, hydride reorientation under external stress, and hydride-induced embrittlement. We revisit important examples of progress of research in this field and emphasize the key future aspects of research on Zr hydrides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16062419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1679281777000},"page":"2419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Mechanisms of Hydride Nucleation, Growth, Reorientation, and Embrittlement in Zirconium: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jie","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Zhong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnucmat.2004.09.029","article-title":"Some thoughts on the mechanisms of in-reactor corrosion of zirconium alloys","volume":"336","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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