{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:19:49Z","timestamp":1790763589158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scaffolds are an essential component of bone tissue engineering. They provide support and create a physiological environment for cells to proliferate and differentiate. Bone allografts extracted from human donors are promising scaffolds due to their mechanical and structural characteristics. Bone microarchitecture is well known to be an important determinant of macroscopic mechanical properties, but its role at the microscopic, i.e., the trabeculae level is still poorly understood. The present study investigated linear correlations between microarchitectural parameters obtained from X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) images of bone allografts, such as bone volume fraction (BV\/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), or ellipsoid factor (EF), and micromechanical parameters derived from micro-finite element calculations, such as mean axial strain (\u03b5z) and strain energy density (We). DAEF, a new parameter based on a linear combination of the two microarchitectural parameters DA and EF, showed a strong linear correlation with the bone mechanical characteristics at the microscopic scale. Our results concluded that the spatial distribution and the plate-and-rod structure of trabecular bone are the main determinants of the mechanical properties of bone at the microscopic level. The DAEF parameter could, therefore, be used as a tool to predict the level of mechanical stimulation at the local scale, a key parameter to better understand and optimize the mechanism of osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16093349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1682388395000},"page":"3349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A New Microarchitecture-Based Parameter to Predict the Micromechanical Properties of Bone Allografts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Rouquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chappard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Bachy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Complex Systems, Ecole Centrale de P\u00e9kin, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Potier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morad","family":"Bensidhoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7467-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Hoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Mechanical Department, MSGMGC, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2019.05.005","article-title":"From Bone Regeneration to Three-Dimensional in Vitro Models: Tissue Engineering of Organized Bone Extracellular Matrix","volume":"10","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salati, M.A., Khazai, J., Tahmuri, A.M., Samadi, A., Taghizadeh, A., Taghizadeh, M., Zarrintaj, P., Ramsey, J.D., Habibzadeh, S., and Seidi, F. (2020). Agarose-Based Biomaterials: Opportunities and Challenges in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051150"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2013.11.017","article-title":"Bone Tissue Engineering Using 3D Printing","volume":"16","author":"Bose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200002000-00003","article-title":"Bone Graft Materials: An Overview of the Basic Science","volume":"371","author":"Bauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2017.05.007","article-title":"Bone Grafts and Biomaterials Substitutes for Bone Defect Repair: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001420","article-title":"Autograft, Allograft, and Bone Graft Substitutes: Clinical Evidence and Indications for Use in the Setting of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery","volume":"33","author":"Baldwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2005.08.003","article-title":"Internal Strains and Stresses Measured in Cortical Bone via High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction","volume":"152","author":"Almer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01944490","article-title":"Ueber die innere Architectur der Knochen und ihre Bedeutung f\u00fcr die Frage vom Knochenwachsthum","volume":"50","author":"Wolff","year":"1870","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Anat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.11.019","article-title":"Directing Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cell Function with Mechanics","volume":"43","author":"Potier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790050","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.790050","article-title":"Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering","volume":"9","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A.R., Lipphaus, A., Ergin, M., Salehi, S., Gehweiler, D., Rudert, M., Hansmann, J., and Herrmann, M. (2021). Modeling of the Human Bone Environment: Mechanical Stimuli Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell\u2013Extracellular Matrix Interactions. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164431"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, C.T., Racine-Avila, J., Pellicore, M.J., and Aaron, R. (2022). Biophysical Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in the Context of Skeletal Repair. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073919"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/01495739708936692","article-title":"Quantification of Bone Microarchitecture with the Structure Model Index","volume":"1","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00007-0","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Methods for Quantification of Cancellous Bone Architecture","volume":"20","author":"Odgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00015","article-title":"The Ellipsoid Factor for Quantification of Rods, Plates, and Intermediate Forms in 3D Geometries","volume":"6","author":"Doube","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9174-x","article-title":"Bone Volume Fraction Explains the Variation in Strength and Stiffness of Cancellous Bone Affected by Metastatic Cancer and Osteoporosis","volume":"83","author":"Nazarian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00162","article-title":"Structure Model Index Does Not Measure Rods and Plates in Trabecular Bone","volume":"6","author":"Salmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104730","article-title":"Alterations in Osteocyte Lacunar Morphology Affect Local Bone Tissue Strains","volume":"123","author":"Hemmatian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0121","article-title":"Scaffold pore geometry guides gene regulation and bone-like tissue formation in dynamic cultures","volume":"27","author":"Rubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22678-z","article-title":"Clinical Observation of Diminished Bone Quality and Quantity through Longitudinal HR-PQCT-Derived Remodeling and Mechanoregulation","volume":"12","author":"Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835094","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835094","article-title":"A 3D in Silico Multi-Tissue Evolution Model Highlights the Relevance of Local Strain Accumulation in Bone Fracture Remodeling","volume":"10","author":"Allena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.07.028","article-title":"Pressure and Shear Stress in Trabecular Bone Marrow during Whole Bone Loading","volume":"48","author":"Metzger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4527929","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4527929","article-title":"Synergistic Integration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hydrostatic Pressure in the Expansion and Maintenance of Human Hematopoietic\/Progenitor Cells","volume":"2018","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5855","article-title":"Bone Remodelling in Humans Is Load-Driven but Not Lazy","volume":"5","author":"Christen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"3956","article-title":"Association of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone and Their Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Scores","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2020.100716","article-title":"Local and Global Microarchitecture Is Associated with Different Features of Bone Biomechanics","volume":"13","author":"Roux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105431","article-title":"Multiscale Stiffness Characterisation of Both Healthy and Osteoporotic Bone Tissue Using Subject-Specific Data","volume":"135","author":"Prada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104922","article-title":"3D Strain Analysis of Trabecular Bone within the Osteoarthritic Humeral Head Subjected to Stepwise Compressive Loads","volume":"125","author":"Kusins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.04.021","article-title":"Adaptive Changes in Micromechanical Environments of Cancellous and Cortical Bone in Response to in Vivo Loading and Disuse","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-005-0250-x","article-title":"Effect of a Supercritical CO2 Based Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Human Cancellous Bone","volume":"15","author":"Mitton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-008-0856-2","article-title":"Interindividual and intraspecimen variability of 3-D bone microarchitectural parameters in iliac crest biopsies imaged by conventional micro-computed tomography","volume":"26","author":"Chappard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.08.023","article-title":"BoneJ: Free and Extensible Bone Image Analysis in ImageJ","volume":"47","author":"Doube","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An Open-Source Platform for Biological-Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774016","article-title":"Accurate Assessment of Precision Errors: How to Measure the Reproducibility of Bone Densitometry Techniques","volume":"5","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011005","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4005694","article-title":"FEBio: Finite Elements for Biomechanics","volume":"134","author":"Maas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553711","article-title":"Regulation of Bone Mass by Mechanical Strain Magnitude","volume":"37","author":"Rubin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200095","article-title":"Mechanical Strain and Bone Cell Function: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2012.03.052","article-title":"Anisotropic Tissue Elasticity in Human Lumbar Vertebra, by Means of a Coupled Ultrasound-Micromechanics Approach","volume":"78","author":"Malandrino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2017.07.175","article-title":"Micro-Finite-Element Method to Assess Elastic Properties of Trabecular Bone at Micro- and Macroscopic Level","volume":"102","author":"Rieger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115328","article-title":"Multiscale Finite Element Modeling of Mechanical Strains and Fluid Flow in Osteocyte Lacunocanalicular System","volume":"137","author":"Ganesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.09.008","article-title":"Subchondral Bone Micro-Architectural Alterations in Osteoarthritis: A Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography Study","volume":"14","author":"Chappard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, M.K., Oliviero, S., Costa, M.C., Wilkinson, J.M., and Dall\u2019Ara, E. (2020). Heterogeneous Strain Distribution in the Subchondral Bone of Human Osteoarthritic Femoral Heads, Measured with Digital Volume Correlation. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13204619"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070301","article-title":"Sex Differences of Human Trabecular Bone Microstructure in Aging Are Site-Dependent","volume":"22","author":"Eckstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080517","article-title":"Microarchitecture Influences Microdamage Accumulation in Human Vertebral Trabecular Bone","volume":"23","author":"Arlot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1802-3","article-title":"Effects of Risedronate on Trabecular Microstructure and Biomechanical Properties in Ovariectomized Rat Tibia","volume":"16","author":"Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01470.x","article-title":"Do Regional Modifications in Tissue Mineral Content and Microscopic Mineralization Heterogeneity Adapt Trabecular Bone Tracts for Habitual Bending? Analysis in the Context of Trabecular Architecture of Deer Calcanei","volume":"220","author":"Skedros","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00125-8","article-title":"The Dependence of the Elastic Properties of Osteoporotic Cancellous Bone on Volume Fraction and Fabric","volume":"36","author":"Homminga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.12.010","article-title":"A Novel Use of 3D Printing Model Demonstrates the Effects of Deteriorated Trabecular Bone Structure on Bone Stiffness and Strength","volume":"78","author":"Barak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pallua, J.D., Putzer, D., J\u00e4ger, E., Degenhart, G., Arora, R., and Schm\u00f6lz, W. (2022). Characterizing the Mechanical Behavior of Bone and Bone Surrogates in Compression Using PQCT. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15145065"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo, C., Libonati, F., Rinaudo, L., Bellazzi, M., Ulivieri, F.M., and Vergani, L. (2019). A New Finite Element Based Parameter to Predict Bone Fracture. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225905"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2019.105451","article-title":"Fatigue-Caused Damage in Trabecular Bone from Clinical, Morphological and Mechanical Perspectives","volume":"133","author":"Mirzaali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Fatigue"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2018.00006","article-title":"Trabecular Fracture Zone Might Not Be the Higher Strain Region of the Trabecular Framework","volume":"5","author":"Tassani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-021-01458-0","article-title":"Load Adaptation through Bone Remodeling: A Mechanobiological Model Coupled with the Finite Element Method","volume":"20","author":"Peyroteo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"37","article-title":"Correlations between structural and mechanical properties of human trabecular femur bone","volume":"14","author":"Nikodem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3711","article-title":"Altered Tissue Composition, Microarchitecture, and Mechanical Performance in Cancellous Bone From Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Hunt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4338","article-title":"Microstructure Determines Apparent-Level Mechanics Despite Tissue-Level Anisotropy and Heterogeneity of Individual Plates and Rods in Normal Human Trabecular Bone","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/9\/3349\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:22:51Z","timestamp":1760124171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/9\/3349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ma16093349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16093349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}}}