{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T22:42:52Z","timestamp":1781131372883,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Canadian NSERC Discovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-355552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-355552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology Interdisciplinary Research Fund Program 2020","award":["RGPIN-355552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-355552"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tissues and organs consist of cells organized in specified patterns that support their function, as exemplified by tissues such as skin, muscle, and cornea. It is, therefore, important to understand how external cues, such as engineered surfaces or chemical contaminants, can influence the organization and morphology of cells. In this work, we studied the impact of indium sulfate on human dermal fibroblast (GM5565) viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), morphology, and alignment behavior on tantalum\/silicon oxide parallel line\/trench surface structures. The viability of cells was measured using the alamarBlue\u2122 Cell Viability Reagent probe, while the ROS levels in cells were quantified using cell-permeant 2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Cell morphology and orientation on the engineered surfaces were characterized using fluorescence confocal and scanning electron microscopy. When cells were cultured in media containing indium (III) sulfate, the average cell viability decreased by as much as ~32% and the concentration of cellular ROS increased. Cell geometry became more circular and compact in the presence of indium sulfate. Even though actin microfilaments continue to preferentially adhere to tantalum-coated trenches in the presence of indium sulfate, the cells are less able to orient along the line axes of the chips. Interestingly, the indium sulfate-induced changes in cell alignment behavior are pattern dependent\u2014a larger proportion of adherent cells on structures with line\/trench widths in the range of 1 \u03bcm and 10 \u03bcm lose the ability to orient themselves, compared to those grown on structures with line widths smaller than 0.5 \u03bcm. Our results show that indium sulfate impacts the response of human fibroblasts to the surface structure to which they adhere and underscores the importance of evaluating cell behaviors on textured surfaces, especially in the presence of potential chemical contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16103814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T07:03:58Z","timestamp":1684393438000},"page":"3814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In-Vitro Study of Indium (III) Sulfate-Containing Medium on the Viability and Adhesion Behaviors of Human Dermal Fibroblast on Engineered Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn K. F.","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Moira","family":"Glerum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6291-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting Y.","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02034-8","article-title":"Impairments in contractility and cytoskeletal organisation cause nuclear defects in nemaline myopathy","volume":"138","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.05.056","article-title":"Biomaterials Directed 3D cell alignment and elongation in microengineered hydrogels","volume":"31","author":"Aubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.01.015","article-title":"Alignment of corneal and lens epithelial cells by co-operative effects of substratum topography and DC electric fields","volume":"29","author":"Rajnicek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01008.2002","article-title":"Fibroblast alignment under interstitial fluid flow using a novel 3-D tissue culture model","volume":"284","author":"Ng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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