{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:04:23Z","timestamp":1776704663828,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of Republic of Serbia","award":["TR 34002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR 34002"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of Republic of Serbia","award":["ITMS 313011V334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITMS 313011V334"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund.","award":["TR 34002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR 34002"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund.","award":["ITMS 313011V334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITMS 313011V334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of various process parameters on the deep drawing process is a current research topic in sheet metal forming technology. Starting from the application of the previously constructed original testing device, an original tribological model was developed based on the process of sheet metal strip sliding between flat contact surfaces under variable pressures. A complex experiment was executed using an Al alloy sheet, tool contact surfaces of different roughness, two types of lubricants and variable contact pressures. The procedure included analytically pre-defined contact pressure functions based on which, for each of the mentioned conditions, the dependencies of the drawing forces and friction coefficients were obtained. The pressure in function P1 constantly decreased from a high initial value until the minimum, while in function P3 the pressure increased until the minimum value at the halfway point of the stroke, after which it increased up to the initial value. On the other hand, the pressure in function P2 constantly increased from the initial minimum value until the maximum value, while in function P4 the pressure increased until reaching the maximum value at the halfway point of the stroke, after which it decreased to the minimum value. This enabled the determination of the influence of tribological factors on the process parameters of intensity of traction (deformation force) and coefficient of friction. The pressure functions starting with decreasing trends produced higher values for the traction forces and the friction coefficient. In addition, it was established that the roughness of the contact surfaces of the tool, especially those with titanium nitride coating, has a significant influence on the process parameters. For surfaces of lower roughness (polished), a tendency of the Al thin sheet to form a glued-on layer was noticed. This was especially prominent for lubrication with MoS2-based grease under conditions of high contact pressure (functions P1 and P4 at the beginning of the contact).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16113968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"3968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of TiN Coating on the Drawing Force and Friction Coefficient in the Deep Drawing Process of AlMg4.5Mn0.7 Thin Sheets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan T.","family":"Djordjevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Pristina, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srbislav","family":"Aleksandrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Arsi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ru\u017eica R.","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre, University of Zilina, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Szmidla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics and Machine Design Fundamentals, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Todi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Pristina, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"\u010cukanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Pristina, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2005.08.008","article-title":"A technical note on an experimental device to measure friction coefficient in sheet metal forming","volume":"172","author":"Fratini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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