{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1760148646053,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methyl methacrylate (MMA) material is considered to be a suitable material for repairing concrete crack, provided that its large volume shrinkage during polymerization is resolved. This study was dedicated to investigating the effect of low shrinkage additives polyvinyl acetate and styrene (PVAc + styrene) on properties of the repair material and further proposes the shrinkage reduction mechanism based on the data of FTIR spectra, DSC testing and SEM micrographs. The results showed that PVAc + styrene delayed the gel point during the polymerization, and the formation of two-phase structure and micropores compensated for the volume shrinkage of the material. When the proportion of PVAc + styrene was 12%, the volume shrinkage could be as low as 4.78%, and the shrinkage stress was reduced by 87.4%. PVAc + styrene improved the bending strength and fracture toughness of most ratios investigated in this study. When 12% PVAc + styrene was added, the 28 d flexural strength and fracture toughness of MMA-based repair material were 28.04 MPa and 92.18%, respectively. After long-term curing, the repair material added with 12% PVAc + styrene showed a good adhesion to the substrate, with a bonding strength greater than 4.1 MPa and the fracture surface appearing at the substrate after the bonding experiment. This work contributes to the obtaining of a MMA-based repair material with low shrinkage, while its viscosity and other properties also can meet the requirements for repairing microcracks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16113984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1685204253000},"page":"3984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study on the Effect of PVAc and Styrene on the Properties and Microstructure of MMA-Based Repair Material for Concrete"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zemeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2908-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luchao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.111392","article-title":"Bond degradation of non-uniformly corroded steel rebars in concrete","volume":"226","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng. 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