{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:25:29Z","timestamp":1768285529845,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evaluation of changes in shear resistance on soft (or weathered) rock joints under cyclic shear loads with constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) significantly contributes to increasing the safety and stability of rock slopes and underground structures. In this study, a series of cyclic shear tests were conducted on simulated soft rock joints with regular (15\u00b0-15\u00b0, 30\u00b0-30\u00b0) and irregular (15\u00b0-30\u00b0) asperities under different normal stiffnesses (kn). The results indicated that the first peak shear stress increases with the increase in kn up to the normal stiffness of the joints (knj). Beyond knj, no significant change was observed in the peak shear stress. The difference in peak shear stress between regular (30\u00b0-30\u00b0) and irregular joints (15\u00b0-30\u00b0) increases as kn increases. The minimum difference of peak shear stress between regular and irregular joints was observed (8.2%) under CNL and the maximum difference was found (64.3%) on knj under CNS. The difference in peak shear stress between the first and subsequent cycles significantly increases as both the joint roughness and kn increases. A new shear strength model is developed to predict peak shear stress of the joints for different kn and asperity angles under cyclic shear loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16124272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1686276198000},"page":"4272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Varying Normal Stiffness on Soft Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear Loads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"S. M. Mahdi","family":"Niktabar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Studentska 1768\/9, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. Seshagiri","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7281-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"\u0160\u010du\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Studentska 1768\/9, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2008.03.007","article-title":"Estimation of fracture normal stiffness using a transmissivity-depth correlation","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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