{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:50:58Z","timestamp":1768629058694,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"Institute for Research, Development &amp; Innovation, International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMU 556-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMU 556-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of various acid solutions combined with ultrasonics as an aid to remove mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal filling and to assess their effect on the surface topography and microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Method: Fifty human permanent single rooted and single canaled freshly extracted teeth were decoronated and sectioned apically to prepare the middle third of root sections of 5 mm length. The canals were prepared in a step-back manner. OrthoMTA was packed throughout the prepared canals. These root sections were incubated for one week and subsequently randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) according to the OrthoMTA removal method: No treatment (NT); 5% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (5% GA+U); 10% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (10% GA+U); 10% citric acid + ultrasonics (10% CA+U); Distilled water + ultrasonics (DW+U). A 1 mm deep well was created within the coronal end of the set OrthoMTA. Wells were filled with each respective test solution and left for 5 min. Thereafter, further removal of OrthoMTA used a specific ultrasonic tip. Finally, the canals were flushed using 1 mL of the respective test solutions and activated with a Controlled Memory ultrasonic tip for two cycles of 20 s each followed by flushing with 1 mL of distilled water and paper point drying of the canals. Then, specimens were longitudinally split into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope (1000\u00d7) to assess the residual OrthoMTA and surface topography of root canal dentin. The Vickers surface microhardness of treated radicular dentin was measured using the HMV-2 microhardness tester. Result: Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc test. Significant differences for residual OrthoMTA were observed between (10% GA+U) with (5% GA+U), (10% CA+U), (DW+U) and (NT) (p value &lt; 0.01). In the context of microhardness, (5% GA+U) and (10% GA+U) showed statistically significant difference compared to (NT), (10% CA+U) and (DW+U) (p value &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: 10% GA+U was superior to other tested groups in removing OrthoMTA, but it substantially reduced dentin microhardness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16134535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T02:34:07Z","timestamp":1687487647000},"page":"4535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Various Acid Solutions as an Aid in Removing the OrthoMTA-Based Root Canal Filling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Parolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80271-2","article-title":"Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a root end filling material","volume":"19","author":"Torabinejad","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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Dent."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/13\/4535\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:59:01Z","timestamp":1760126341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/13\/4535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ma16134535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16134535","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]}}}