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Fiber alignment causes the anisotropy of such materials. Herein, the influence of the fiber orientation on water and ion penetration into an ECC was studied. Fiber alignment was achieved using an extrusion approach. Water absorption, sorptivity, chloride penetration resistance, sulfate attack resistance, and freezing\u2013thawing resistance of specimens with fiber aligned horizontally (AH), vertically (AV), and randomly (R), corresponding to the direction of the exposure surface that was studied. The results showed that fibers oriented perpendicular to the water path delayed water migration into the ECC matrix. The sorptivity was significantly affected by the fiber direction. The sorptivity of the AH specimens was 35% and 13% lower than that of the AV and R specimens, respectively. After 180 days of exposure, the chloride penetration depth of the AH specimens was 5.7 mm, which is 13.6% and 20.8% lower than that of the AV and R specimens, respectively. The sulfate ingress profile indicates that the fiber\u2013matrix interface oriented perpendicular to the penetration path can effectively delay sulfate migration. The fiber orientation also influences the compressive strength gain under immersion conditions (Na2SO4 solution, Na2SO4 + NaCl solution, and water). Compared with the AH and R specimens, the AV specimens are more sensitive to the immersion condition. In contrast, the fiber orientation has no significant effect on ECC specimens under freeze\u2013thaw cycles. These findings indicate that controlling the fiber alignment and orientation in an ECC can improve its durability under certain exposure conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16134877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:54:23Z","timestamp":1688950463000},"page":"4877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Water and Ions Transportation of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Tawfek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sana\u2019a University, Sanaa 12544, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangkang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Industrial & Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengdong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxuan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifeng","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1299-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branko","family":"\u0160avija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microlab, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104704","article-title":"Time-Dependent Fresh Properties Characterization of 3D Printing Engineered Cementitious Composites (3DP-ECC): On the Evaluation of Buildability","volume":"133","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. 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