{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:58:13Z","timestamp":1792036693977,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Titanium alloys are the ideal material for a wide range of structural applications, but their high cost compared to other metals hinders their adoption. Powder metallurgy and cheap alloying elements can be used to create new Ti alloys. In this study, the simultaneous addition of Al and Mn is considered to manufacture and characterise ternary Ti-2.5Al-Mn alloys obtained via pressing and sintering by varying the Mn content (1\u201310 wt.%). It is found that the addition of the alloying elements reduces compressibility. Consequently, the amount of porosity increases (8.5 \u2192 10.8%) with the amount of Mn as the alloys were processed under the same conditions. The progressive addition of Mn refines the classical lamellar microstructure and, eventually, transforms it into an equiaxed \u03b2-grain structure with acicular \u03b1 grains. The microstructural changes lead to continuous increases in strength (ultimate tensile strength: 694 \u2192 851 MPa) and hardness (225 \u2192 325 HV30) with an associated loss of ductility (elongation to failure: 13.9 \u2192 1.0%). However, the obtained ternary Ti-2.5Al-Mn alloys have similar or better overall mechanical behaviour than most of the binary Ti-Mn alloys obtained through a variety of manufacturing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16144917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T01:58:14Z","timestamp":1689040694000},"page":"4917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Mn on the Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-2.5Al-xMn Alloys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"},{"name":"College of Engineering, International University of Science and Technology in Kuwait, Mohamad Bin Qasim Street, Ardiya 92400, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaira","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Bolzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.118","article-title":"The Mechanochemical Processing of Aerospace Metals","volume":"153\u2013154","author":"Froes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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