{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:12:42Z","timestamp":1788185562370,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of high-pressure cooling (HPC) in machining can increase the efficiency and improve process stability through more effective breaking and chip evacuation. Turning tests of the Grade 5 ELI titanium alloy were carried out using cemented carbide tools and taking into account the direction of feeding of the cutting liquid. Measurements of the components of the total cutting force were carried out for feeds in the range f = &lt;0.08; 0.13&gt; mm\/rev and two angular settings (i.e., angle \u03b1 = &lt;30\u00b0; 90\u00b0&gt; and \u03b2 = &lt;0\u00b0; 60\u00b0&gt;) of the nozzle. The chip breakage coefficient was determined. It was shown that the cutting force values depended on the feed value, and the angle of feeding of the cutting fluid did not significantly affect the values of the cutting forces. Despite the different forms of chips obtained, the applied method of searching for the best conditions was unsuccessful and no significant effect on the values of the chip breaking coefficient Cch was observed. To determine the best nozzle setting, it is useful to determine the working area of the chip breaker. Due to the shape of the chip, the optimal angular setting for the nozzle that supplied the cutting fluid was \u03b1 = 60\u00b0 and \u03b2 = 30\u00b0. In addition, it was observed that the angle of incidence of the cutting fluid jet could affect the chip formation process and support the chip cracking process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1690797615000},"page":"5371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of the Cutting Fluid Incidence Angle Direction in Turning Grade 5 ELI Titanium Alloy under High-Pressure Cooling Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-5979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Struzikiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10910344.2014.991031","article-title":"Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)\u2014Theory to Application","volume":"19","author":"Pramanik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mach. 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