{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:08:35Z","timestamp":1790093315359,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERASMUS+ project \u201cCollaborative e-platform for innovation and educational enhancement in medical engineering\u201d\u2014CALLME","award":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"]}]},{"name":"ERASMUS+ project \u201cCollaborative e-platform for innovation and educational enhancement in medical engineering\u201d\u2014CALLME","award":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"]}]},{"name":"ERASMUS+ project \u201cCollaborative e-platform for innovation and educational enhancement in medical engineering\u201d\u2014CALLME","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"]}]},{"name":"EEA and Norway Grant","award":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"]}]},{"name":"EEA and Norway Grant","award":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"]}]},{"name":"EEA and Norway Grant","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000087703"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-COP-0019\/contract no. 541\/15.02.2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proper fixation techniques are crucial in orthopedic surgery for the treatment of various medical conditions. Fractures of the distal humerus can occur due to either high-energy trauma with skin rupture or low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone. The recommended surgical approach for treating these extra-articular distal humerus fractures involves performing an open reduction and internal fixation procedure using plate implants. This surgical intervention plays a crucial role in enhancing patient recovery and minimizing soft tissue complications. Dynamic Compression Plates (DCPs) and Locking Compression Plates (LCPs) are commonly used for bone fixation, with LCP extra-articular distal humerus plates being the preferred choice for extra-articular fractures. These fixation systems have anatomically shaped designs that provide angular stability to the bone. However, depending on the shape and position of the bone fracture, additional plate bending may be required during surgery. This can pose challenges such as increased surgery time and the risk of incorrect plate shaping. To enhance the accuracy of plate placement, the study introduces the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF) in conjunction with the Characteristic Product Features methodology (CPF). The utilization of the MAF enables the development of a parametric model for the contact surface between the plate and the humerus. This model is created using specialized Referential Geometrical Entities (RGEs), Constitutive Geometrical Entities (CGEs), and Regions of Interest (ROI) that are specific to the human humerus bone. By utilizing this anatomically tailored contact surface model, the standard plate model can be customized (bent) to precisely conform to the distinct shape of the patient\u2019s humerus bone during the pre-operative planning phase. Alternatively, the newly designed model can be fabricated using a specific manufacturing technology. This approach aims to improve geometrical accuracy of plate fixation, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and patient recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1690975037000},"page":"5409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extra-Articular Distal Humerus Plate 3D Model Creation by Using the Method of Anatomical Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nikola","family":"Vitkovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena R.","family":"Stojkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Korunovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Teu\u0163an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics and Machine Dynamics, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Blv. Muncii, No. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alin","family":"Ple\u015fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics and Machine Dynamics, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Blv. Muncii, No. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Iano\u015fi-Andreeva-Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics and Machine Dynamics, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Blv. Muncii, No. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8548-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"G\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 STR, 61-138 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u0103zvan","family":"P\u0103curar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Robotics and Production Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Blv. Muncii, No. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorski, F., Rychlik, M., and P\u0103curar, R. (2022). Advances in Manufacturing III. MANUFACTURING 2022, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-99769-4"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Hadeed, A., Werntz, R.L., and Varacallo, M. (2023, June 15). External Fixation Principles and Overview, StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK547694\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lotzien, S., Hoberg, C., Rausch, V., Rosteius, T., Schildhauer, T., and Gessmann, J. (2019). Open reduction and internal fixation of humeral midshaft fractures: Anterior versus posterior plate fixation. BMC Musculoskelet. 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