{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:48:08Z","timestamp":1765039688197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["390621612","13N15423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390621612","13N15423"]}]},{"name":"Digital Photonic Production DPP Research Campus","award":["390621612","13N15423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390621612","13N15423"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB\/M Powder Bed Fusion, Laser-Based\/Metal) offers decisive advantages over conventional manufacturing processes. Complex geometries can be produced that cannot, or only to a limited extent, be manufactured with conventional manufacturing processes. One of the main disadvantages of the process are high investment and operating costs. In order to make the PBF-LB\/M process accessible to new research areas, the costs need to be reduced. Therefore, this work investigates whether laser beam sources and motion systems in currently established PBF-LB\/M systems can be replaced by more cost-effective components. To reduce the operating costs for PBF-LB\/M, the studies are carried out based on previous work with water-atomized, process-foreign sinter powder instead of gas-atomized, spherical PBF-LB\/M powders. A cost-efficient, low-alloyed powder is selected (H\u00f6gan\u00e4s HP1) and processed on two different PBF-LB\/M machines with a restricted process window using process parameter values that current low-cost machines can achieve. The results show that a multimode fiber laser leads to a more stable process and wider melt pools compared to a single mode fiber laser. In addition, a lower sensitivity of the process with respect to modified process parameters is observed for the multimode laser, resulting in a wider range of stable process windows. A Cartesian motion system (gantry) is suitable for use in PBF-LB\/M despite lower scan speeds compared to galvanometer scanners. Beam guidance in the XY-plane offers new possibilities for machine and process design that are not possible with usual scanner systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16165697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1692582416000},"page":"5697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["On the Use of Metal Sinter Powder in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing (PBF-LB\/M)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jan-Simeon Ludger","family":"Bernsmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Additive Production DAP, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hillebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Additive Production DAP, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Rommerskirchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Additive Production DAP, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Additive Production DAP, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes Henrich","family":"Schleifenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Additive Production DAP, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie (2015). 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