{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:28:39Z","timestamp":1769851719964,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID under the research grant FONDECYT","award":["11230550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11230550"]}]},{"name":"ANID under the research grant FONDECYT","award":["DIUDA-22430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIUDA-22430"]}]},{"name":"the Universidad de Atacama","award":["11230550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11230550"]}]},{"name":"the Universidad de Atacama","award":["DIUDA-22430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIUDA-22430"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The deterioration of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments presents multiple problems due to the premature degradation of reinforced steel. This work aimed to study the corrosion of reinforced A630-420H steel when exposed to a 0.5 M NaCl solution. Although this carbon steel is the most widely used material for reinforced concrete structures in Chile, there is limited research on its resistance to corrosion when in contact with saline solutions. The electrochemical reactions and their roles in the corrosion rate were studied using linear sweep voltammetry, weight loss, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. This analysis is unique as it used the superposition model based on mixed potential theory to determine the electrochemical and corrosion parameters. The outcomes of this study show that A630-420H steel has a higher corrosion rate than those of the other commercial carbon steels studied. This fact can be attributed to the competition between the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, which also depends on the environmental conditions, exposure time, stabilization of the corrosion products layer, and presence of chloride ions. Additionally, the results under mechanical stress conditions show a brittle fracture of the corrosion product oriented longitudinally in the direction of the bend section, where the presence of pores and cracks were also observed. The corrosion products after corrosion were mainly composed of magnetite and lepidocrocite oxide phases, which is in concordance with the electrochemical results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16176017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1693559542000},"page":"6017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Corrosion of Reinforced A630-420H Steel in Direct Contact with NaCl Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1347-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe M. Galleguillos","family":"Madrid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo Energ\u00e9tico de Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6548-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Soliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda en Metalurgia, Universidad de Atacama, Av. Copayapu 485, Copiap\u00f3 1530000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7359-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Salazar-Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo Energ\u00e9tico de Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8020-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda en Metalurgia, Universidad de Atacama, Av. Copayapu 485, Copiap\u00f3 1530000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edelmira","family":"G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Metal\u00fargica y Minas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Av. Angamos 610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)17049-0","article-title":"Corrosion monitoring of reinforced concrete structures\u2014A review","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-9465(02)00117-8","article-title":"Performance of Pfa concrete in a marine environment\u201310-Year results","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. 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