{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:04:13Z","timestamp":1777377853557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre Poland (NCN)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC-2022\/06\/X\/NZ7\/01317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2022\/06\/X\/NZ7\/01317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre Poland (NCN)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University","award":["DEC-2022\/06\/X\/NZ7\/01317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2022\/06\/X\/NZ7\/01317"]}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the following questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants\u2019 activity, how does their chemical formula affect their mechanisms of caries prevention, and what makes a dental sealant efficient mean of caries prevention? Another vital issue is whether the sealants that contain fluoride, or any other additions, have potentially increased antimicrobial properties. An electronic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed. The following keywords were used: (dental sealants) AND (chemical composition). Additionally, information about composition and indications for clinical use provided by manufacturers were utilized. All of the considered materials are indicated for use both in permanent and primary dentition for sealing fissures, pits, and foramina caeca. The selection of suitable material should be made individually and adjusted to conditions of the sealing procedure and patient\u2019s needs. Cariostatic mechanisms increasing sealants\u2019 effectiveness such as fluoride release are desired in modern dentistry appreciating preventive approach. The review aims are to find crucial elements of sealants\u2019 composition which affect their cariostatic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16196453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T07:50:26Z","timestamp":1695887426000},"page":"6453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brief Narrative Review on Commercial Dental Sealants\u2014Comparison with Respect to Their Composition and Potential Modifications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Piszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142 J.","family":"Piszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology (WUST), wyb. Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Luboja\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Grzebieluch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Digital Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Szymonowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Dobrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, June 01). Sugars and Dental Caries. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sugars-and-dental-caries."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515573272","article-title":"Global Burden of Untreated Caries: A Systematic Review and Metaregression","volume":"94","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naaman, R., El-Housseiny, A.A., and Alamoudi, N. (2017). The Use of Pit and Fissure Sealants\u2014A Literature Review. Dent. J., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj5040034"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000493031","article-title":"State of the Art Enamel Remineralization Systems: The Next Frontier in Caries Management","volume":"53","author":"Nebu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Nouri, M.-R., and Titley, K.C. (2023, August 23). Paediatrics: A Review of the Antibacterial Effect of Fluoride. Available online: https:\/\/www.oralhealthgroup.com\/features\/paediatrics-a-review-of-the-antibacterial-effect-of-fluoride\/."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44612-6","article-title":"The Combined Antimicrobial Effect of Arginine and Fluoride Toothpaste","volume":"9","author":"Bijle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubojanski, A., Dobrzynski, M., Nowak, N., Rewak-Soroczynska, J., Sztyler, K., Zakrzewski, W., Dobrzynski, W., Szymonowicz, M., Rybak, Z., and Wiglusz, K. (2021). Application of Selected Nanomaterials and Ozone in Modern Clinical Dentistry. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11020259"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.85","article-title":"The Cariostatic Mechanisms of Fluoride","volume":"42","author":"Sutej","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med. Acad."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"E449","article-title":"The R\u00f4le of Saliva in Maintaining Oral Health and as an Aid to Diagnosis","volume":"11","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.28.1.yg6m443046k50u20","article-title":"Biological Factors in Dental Caries: Role of Saliva and Dental Plaque in the Dynamic Process of Demineralization and Remineralization (Part 1)","volume":"28","author":"Hicks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.06.010","article-title":"Etiology, Evaluation, and Management of Xerostomia","volume":"35","author":"Millsop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8177(87)54012-0","article-title":"Subjective Reports of Xerostomia and Objective Measures of Salivary Gland Performance","volume":"115","author":"Fox","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01229.x","article-title":"Xerostomia: An Update for Clinicians","volume":"55","author":"Hopcraft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0269","article-title":"Dental Patients\u2019 Self-Reports of Xerostomia and Associated Risk Factors","volume":"142","author":"Villa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"CD001830","article-title":"Pit and Fissure Sealants for Preventing Dental Decay in Permanent Teeth","volume":"2017","author":"Forss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.06.001","article-title":"Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Pit-and-Fissure Sealants: A Report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"147","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.03.019","article-title":"Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Resin-Based Dental Materials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Composition Strategies","volume":"82","author":"Meereis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.04.018","article-title":"Factors Involved in the Development of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Resin-Composites: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Braga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"13","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Variation in Light-Curing Cycle with a Time Gap and Its Effect on Polymerization Shrinkage and Microhardness of Conventional Hydrophobic Sealants and Moisture-Tolerant Resin-Based Sealants: An in Vitro Study","volume":"8","author":"Arumugam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Multidiscip. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.184038","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Different Pit and Fissure Sealants","volume":"6","author":"Babaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Ivoclar Vivadent (2019). Helioseal, Ivoclar Vivadent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01344.x","article-title":"A Comparative in Vitro Study of Visible Light-cured Sealants","volume":"16","author":"Lekka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Arkona (2023, August 08). Arkona Fissure Sealant Brochure. Available online: https:\/\/arkonadent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/arkonadent-lak-szczelinowy-kompendium-wiedzy.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Pulpdent Corporation (2023, July 23). Embrace WetBond Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.pulpdent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/GHS-SDS-EMS.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"ZC23","article-title":"Microtensile Bond Strength of Embrace Wetbond Hydrophilic Sealant in Different Moisture Contamination: An In-Vitro Study","volume":"9","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"17","article-title":"Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength, Penetration Ability, Microleakage and Remineralisation Capacity of Glass Ionomer-Based Fissure Sealants","volume":"17","author":"Kucukyilmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.12693\/APhysPolA.130.388","article-title":"Nanomechanical Behaviour and Surface Roughness of New Generation Dental Fissure Sealants","volume":"130","author":"Altan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Pol. A"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shear Bond Strength of Four Types of Pit and Fissure Sealants (In Vitro Study)","volume":"7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Enhanc. Res. Sci. Technol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-4619.136645","article-title":"Polymerization Shrinkage of Six Different Fissure Sealants","volume":"2","author":"Kucukyilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.02.003","article-title":"Ion Release and Physical Properties of CPP\u2013ACP Modified GIC in Acid Solutions","volume":"41","author":"Zalizniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_80_18","article-title":"The Efficacy of Different Sealant Modalities for Prevention of Pits and Fissures Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"9","author":"Elkwatehy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.2405","article-title":"Influence of Thermo-Light Curing with Dental Light-Curing Units on the Microhardness of Glass-Ionomer Cements","volume":"36","author":"Gavic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"103","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements in Primary Teeth","volume":"7","author":"Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"VOCO (2022, August 23). Ionofil Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.voco.dental\/en\/portaldata\/1\/resources\/products\/safety-data-sheets\/gb\/voco-ionofil-molar-ac_sds_gb.pdf."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tdj.2014.08.001","article-title":"Durability of Bond Strength of Glass-Ionomers to Enamel","volume":"12","author":"Shebl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tanta Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Ultradent (2023, May 01). Ultraseal XT Brochure. Available online: https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/wfptrcrbtkd0\/6CDOVq0rW3Ia1bBseRnDYG\/5de0b1fac706906d9c3577d36589e1ad\/UltraSeal-XT-Sealant-Family-Sales-Sheet-1007280AR03.pdf."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Ultradent (2023, August 08). UltraSeal XT Plus Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/optident.co.uk\/app\/uploads\/2018\/03\/UltraSeal-XT%C2%AE-plus-SDS-English.pdf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.01.008","article-title":"Effect of Bleaching on Subsurface Micro-Hardness of Composite and a Polyacid Modified Composite","volume":"23","author":"Hannig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Ivoclar Vivadent (2023, September 27). Tetric EvoFlow Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.ivoclar.com\/pl_pl\/eifu?document-id=36624&show-detail=1."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2019.1609643","article-title":"The Shear Bond Strength of Repaired High-Viscosity Bulk-Fill Resin Composites with Different Adhesive Systems and Resin Composite Types","volume":"33","author":"Oglakci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_756_18","article-title":"Degree of Conversion and Polymerization Shrinkage of Low Shrinkage Bulk-Fill Resin Composites","volume":"10","author":"Salem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"636","article-title":"Microshear Bond Strength of Composite Resins to Enamel and Porcelain Substrates Utilizing Unfilled versus Filled Resins","volume":"11","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.11.009","article-title":"Pre-Warming of Dental Composites","volume":"27","author":"Deb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"87","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Dentistry: Bond Strength of Different Sealant and Filling Materials to Enamel","volume":"3","author":"Alonso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.07.008","article-title":"Conversion Degree, Microhardness, Microleakage and Fluoride Release of Different Fissure Sealants","volume":"3","author":"Kemer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2013-227","article-title":"Bond Strength and Microleakage of Self-Adhesive and Conventional Fissure Sealants","volume":"33","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"VOCO (2023, August 08). Grandio Seal Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.voco.dental\/us\/portaldata\/1\/resources\/products\/safety-data-sheets\/us\/grandio-seal_sds_us.pdf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.56281","article-title":"Assessment of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Fissure Sealant Following Enamel Deproteinization: An in Vitro Study","volume":"12","author":"Bayrak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"VOCO (2023, August 08). Fissurit FX Safety Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.voco.dental\/au\/portaldata\/1\/resources\/products\/safety-data-sheets\/au\/fissurit-fx_sds_au.pdf."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"e322","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Flowable Compomers on Enamel of Primary Teeth: An in-Vitro Study","volume":"8","author":"Erdogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103818","article-title":"Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of a Triazine-Methacrylate Monomer into a Dental Resin","volume":"114","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0062","article-title":"The Effect of an Antibacterial Monomer on the Antibacterial Activity and Mechanical Properties of a Pit-and-Fissure Sealant","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"484","article-title":"Acrylated Hydroxyazobenzene Copolymers in Composite-Resin Matrix Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilms In Vitro","volume":"43","author":"Mori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902149","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201902149","article-title":"Selective Inhibition of Streptococci Biofilm Growth via a Hydroxylated Azobenzene Coating","volume":"7","author":"Mori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.09.015","article-title":"Inhibition of Enamel Mineral Loss by Fissure Sealant: An in Situ Study","volume":"41","author":"Kantovitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2011.38.10.699","article-title":"Indications for Fissure Sealants and Their Role in Children and Adolescents","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Update"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-006-0437-3","article-title":"Microleakage of Resin-Based Sealants after Er:YAG Laser Conditioning","volume":"22","author":"Bertrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Summitt, J.B., Robbins, J.W., Hilton, T.J., and Schwartz, R.S. (2006). Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach, Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2011.01294.x","article-title":"Current Aspects on Bonding Effectiveness and Stability in Adhesive Dentistry","volume":"56","author":"Cardoso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Ivoclar Vivadent (2023, August 08). Helioseal F Instruction of Use. Available online: https:\/\/www.dentaltix.com\/en\/sites\/default\/files\/helioseal_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"SDI (2023, August 08). Conseal F Brochure. Available online: https:\/\/www.sdi.com.au\/pdfs\/brochures\/au\/conseal%20f_sdi_brochures_au.pdf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-022-00773-z","article-title":"A Novel Application of a Bioactive Material as a Pit and Fissure Sealant: In Vitro Pilot Study Evaluating the Sealing Ability and Penetration","volume":"24","author":"Bishayi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"430","article-title":"Marginal Microleakage of Conventional Fissure Sealants and Self-Adhering Flowable Composite as Fissure Sealant in Permanent Teeth","volume":"12","author":"Ramazani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2013-023","article-title":"Effect of Acid Etching and Different Er:YAG Laser Procedures on Microleakage of Three Different Fissure Sealants in Primary Teeth after Aging","volume":"32","author":"Unal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1878-y","article-title":"The Impact of Er:YAG Laser Enamel Conditioning on the Microleakage of a New Hydrophilic Sealant\u2014UltraSeal XT\u00ae HydroTM","volume":"31","author":"Hurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2341\/11-435-C","article-title":"Comparison of Acid versus Laser Etching on the Clinical Performance of a Fissure Sealant: 24-Month Results","volume":"38","author":"Karaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-017-0323-4","article-title":"Effect of Er:YAG Laser Enamel Conditioning and Moisture on the Microleakage of a Hydrophilic Sealant","volume":"106","author":"Hurt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"263","article-title":"In Vitro Performance of Ultrasound Enamel Preparation Compared with Classical Bur Preparation on Pit and Fissure Sealing","volume":"18","author":"Ferrazzano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"149","article-title":"The Effect of Antibacterial Agents on Fissure Sealant Microleakage: A 6-Month in Vitro Study","volume":"12","author":"Memarpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00655-w","article-title":"Using Self-Etch Adhesive Agents with Pit and Fissure Sealants. In Vitro Analysis of Shear Bond Strength, Adhesive Remnant Index and Enamel Etching Patterns","volume":"23","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"537","article-title":"Effects of Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment and Substitution of Bonding Resin on Bonding Effectiveness of Self-Etching Systems to Enamel","volume":"9","author":"Rotta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Dent."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2341\/15-221-L","article-title":"The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Pre-Etching Times on Bonding Performance and Surface Free Energy with Single-Step Self-Etch Adhesives","volume":"41","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103740","article-title":"Indirect Resin Composite Inlays Cemented with a Self-Adhesive, Self-Etch or a Conventional Resin Cement Luting Agent: A 5 Years Prospective Clinical Evaluation","volume":"112","author":"Eltoukhy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"251","article-title":"Effect of Artificial Aging on the Bond Durability of Fissure Sealants","volume":"15","author":"Yun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Dent."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12165","article-title":"A Randomised Clinical Trial on the Use of Intermediate Bonding on the Retention of Fissure Sealants in Children","volume":"26","author":"McCafferty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Sreedevi, A., Brizuela, M., and Mohamed, S. (2023, May 20). Pit and Fissure Sealants, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK448116\/."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"38","article-title":"Evaluation of a Fluoride-Containing Sealant by SEM, Microleakage, and Fluoride Release","volume":"12","author":"Cooley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of Fissure Sealants Retention Following Four Different Isolation and Surface Preparation Techniques: Four Years Clinical Trial","volume":"19","author":"Lygidakis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, Q., and Zou, J. (2019). The Clinical Effects of Laser Preparation of Tooth Surfaces for Fissure Sealants Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0892-4"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"80","article-title":"Dental Sealants. Part 1: Prevention First","volume":"19","author":"Colombo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Olczak-Kowalczyk, D., Szczepa\u0144ska, J., and Kaczmarek, U. (2017). Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna Stomatologia Wieku Rozwojowego, Med Tour Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubojanski, A., Piesiak-Panczyszyn, D., Zakrzewski, W., Dobrzynski, W., Szymonowicz, M., Rybak, Z., Mielan, B., Wiglusz, R.J., Watras, A., and Dobrzynski, M. (2023). The Safety of Fluoride Compounds and Their Effect on the Human Body\u2014A Narrative Review. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16031242"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"282","article-title":"Sealants for Preventing and Arresting Pit-and-Fissure Occlusal Caries in Primary and Permanent Molars: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials\u2014A Report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"38","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Xiong, L., Li, J., Guo, C., Fan, W., and Huang, S. (2019). The Anticaries Effects of Pit and Fissure Sealant in the First Permanent Molars of School-Age Children from Guangzhou: A Population-Based Cohort Study. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0846-x"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.15644\/asc55\/2\/3","article-title":"Comparison of Two Types of Pit and Fissure Sealants in Reducing the Incidence of Dental Caries Using a Split-Mouth Design","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.02.014","article-title":"Long-Term Release of Fluoride from Fissure Sealants\u2014In Vitro Study","volume":"41","author":"Kosior","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2017.11.003","article-title":"Fluorides and Other Preventive Strategies for Tooth Decay","volume":"62","author":"Horst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1159\/000486426","article-title":"Effectiveness of Resin-Based Sealants with and without Fluoride Placed in a High Caries Risk Population: Multicentric 2-Year Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"52","author":"Courson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-019-0019-4","article-title":"Are Fluoride-Containing Sealants More Effective than Non-Fluoride Sealants?","volume":"20","author":"Chestnutt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid. Based Dent."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1325","article-title":"Ability of Pit and Fissure Sealant-Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate to Inhibit Enamel Demineralization","volume":"9","author":"Zawaideh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/00016350903260264","article-title":"In Situ Evaluation of the Remineralizing Capacity of Pit and Fissure Sealants Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and\/or Fluoride","volume":"68","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-012-0062-5","article-title":"Effect of the Application of a Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Paste and Adhesive Systems on Bond Durability of a Fissure Sealant","volume":"101","author":"Borges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Memarpour, M., Baghdadabadi, N.A., Rafiee, A., and Vossoughi, M. (2020). Ion Release and Recharge from a Fissure Sealant Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241272"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogawa, Y., Sayed, M., Hiraishi, N., Al-Haj Husain, N., Tagami, J., \u00d6zcan, M., and Shimada, Y. (2022). Effect of Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer Containing Dental Sealant on the Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040189"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8635254","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8635254","article-title":"Pit and Fissure Sealant versus Fluoride Varnish for the Prevention of Dental Caries in School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Rashed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"CD003067","article-title":"Pit and Fissure Sealants versus Fluoride Varnishes for Preventing Dental Decay in the Permanent Teeth of Children and Adolescents (Review)","volume":"2020","author":"Forss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/19\/6453\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:00:42Z","timestamp":1760130042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/16\/19\/6453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma16196453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16196453","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}}}