{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:15:38Z","timestamp":1785554138808,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridge"},{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent caries remain a persistent concern, often linked to microleakage and a lack of bioactivity in contemporary dental composites. Our study aims to address this issue by developing a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibiofilm and remineralization capabilities, thus countering the progression of recurrent caries. In the present study, we formulated low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites by combining triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and urethane dimethacrylate, incorporating dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), along with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). The biofilm viability, biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid production, and ion release were evaluated. The novel formulations containing 3% DMADDM exhibited a potent antibiofilm activity, exhibiting a 4-log reduction in the human salivary biofilm CFUs compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, significant reductions were observed in biofilm biomass and lactic acid (p &lt; 0.05). By integrating both 10% NACP and 10% nCaF2 into one formulation, efficient ion release was achieved, yielding concentrations of 3.02 \u00b1 0.21 mmol\/L for Ca, 0.5 \u00b1 0.05 mmol\/L for P, and 0.37 \u00b1 0.01 mmol\/L for F ions. The innovative mixture of DMADDM, NACP, and nCaF2 displayed strong antibiofilm effects on salivary biofilm while concomitantly releasing a significant amount of remineralizing ions. This nanocomposite is a promising dental material with antibiofilm and remineralization capacities, with the potential to reduce polymerization-related microleakage and recurrent caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16206770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1697699736000},"page":"6770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Novel Remineralizing and Antibiofilm Low-Shrinkage-Stress Nanocomposites to Inhibit Salivary Biofilms and Protect Tooth Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alsahafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej","family":"Alfaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alenizy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ba-Armah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary-Ann","family":"Jabra-Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radi","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Garcia Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hockin H. 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