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Traditional remediation methods have shown limitations in effectively addressing TCE contamination. This study reviews the limitations of conventional remediation techniques and investigates the application of oxidant-based controlled-release materials, including encapsulated, loaded, and gel-based potassium permanganate since the year 2000. Additionally, it examines reductant controlled-release materials and electron donor-release materials such as tetrabutyl orthosilicate (TBOS) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The findings suggest that controlled-release materials offer a promising avenue for enhancing TCE degradation and promoting groundwater restoration. This study concludes by highlighting the future research directions and the potential of controlled-release materials in addressing TCE contamination challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16217045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T07:35:06Z","timestamp":1699169706000},"page":"7045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Controlled-Release Materials for Remediation of Trichloroethylene Contamination in Groundwater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3111-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-7181-9","article-title":"Groundwater as a Strategic Resource for Improved Resilience: A Case Study From Peri-Urban Accra","volume":"77","author":"Gronwall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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