{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:50:09Z","timestamp":1767649809154,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Talent Project of China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute","award":["KJYC-2023-07","QNBJ202316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJYC-2023-07","QNBJ202316"]}]},{"name":"National Market Supervision Administration Sci-ence and Technology Innovation Talent Program, Top-Young Talent","award":["KJYC-2023-07","QNBJ202316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJYC-2023-07","QNBJ202316"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the fatigue crack growth rates of typical pressure vessel material 4130X under different corrosion conditions are investigated, and the effects of corrosion modes and loading frequency on the fatigue crack growth rate of 4130X are discussed. The results show that under the same loading conditions, the pre-corroded crack propagation rate is increased by 1.26 times compared with the uncorroded specimens. The plastic deformation mechanism of the crack tip in air is dominated by phase transformation but the hydrogen introduced by pre-corrosion causes a small number of dislocations at the crack tip. The crack growth rate obtained by corrosion fatigue is four times that of the uncorroded specimen, and the fracture surface shows a strong corrosion effect. The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the hydrogen atoms accumulated at the crack tip make the plastic deformation mechanism dominated by dislocation in the crack propagation process, and the coupling interaction between low frequency and the corrosion environment aggravates the hydrogen embrittlement of the crack tip. In the air condition, the loading frequency has no obvious effect on the crack growth rate: when the frequency decreases from 100 Hz to 0.01 Hz and other conditions remain unchanged, the fatigue crack growth rate increases by 1.5 times. The parameter n in the Paris expression is mainly influenced by frequency. The molecular dynamics simulation shows that low frequency promotes crack tip propagation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17010257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T11:31:50Z","timestamp":1704281510000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Study on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of 4130X Material under Different Hydrogen Corrosion Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7422-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaolei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute (CSEI), Beijing 100026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute (CSEI), Beijing 100026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Safety and Energy-Saving for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3443-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpvp.2013.04.015","article-title":"Interpreting load ratio dependence of near-threshold fatigue crack growth by a new crack closure model","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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