{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:11:09Z","timestamp":1791839469070,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007835","name":"Silesian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04\/040\/BKM23\/0258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04\/040\/BKM23\/0258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, two novel quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylates (QAUDMAs) were designed for potential use as comonomers in antibacterial dental composite restorative materials. QAUDMAs were synthesized via the reaction of 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene with 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-2-decylhydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide (QA10+TMXDI) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-2-dodecylhydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide (QA12+TMXDI). Their compositions with common dental dimethacrylates comprising QAUDMA 20 wt.%, urethane-dimethacrylate monomer (UDMA) 20 wt.%, bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) 40 wt.%, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) 20 wt.%, were photocured. The achieved copolymers were characterized for their physicochemical and mechanical properties, including their degree of conversion (DC), glass transition temperature (Tg), polymerization shrinkage (S), water contact angle (WCA), flexural modulus (E), flexural strength (FS), hardness (HB), water sorption (WS), and water leachability (WL). The antibacterial activity of the copolymers was characterized by the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The achieved results were compared to the properties of a typical dental copolymer comprising UDMA 40 wt.%, Bis-GMA 40 wt.%, and TEGDMA 20 wt.%. The introduction of QAUDMAs did not deteriorate physicochemical and mechanical properties. The WS and WL increased; however, they were still satisfactory. The copolymer comprising QA10+TMXDI showed a higher antibacterial effect than that comprising QA12+TMXDI and that of the reference copolymer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17020298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1704691298000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemical Modification of Dental Dimethacrylate Copolymer with Tetramethylxylylene Diisocyanate-Based Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates\u2014Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6575-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Drejka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Chr\u00f3szcz-Por\u0119bska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Kazek-K\u0119sik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Chladek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2708-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Barszczewska-Rybarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022). 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