{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:33:22Z","timestamp":1789684402965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202006370083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202006370083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to address the challenges associated with conventional metallic bone fixation plates in biomechanical applications, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, including stress shielding, allergic reactions, corrosion resistance, and interference with medical imaging. The use of materials with a low elastic modulus is regarded as an effective approach to overcome these problems. In this study, the impact of different types of chopped carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CCF\/PEEK) functionally graded material (FGM) bone plates on stress shielding under static and instantaneous dynamic loading was explored using finite element analysis (FEA). The FGM bone plate models were established using ABAQUS and the user\u2019s subroutine USDFLD and VUSDFLD, and each model was established with an equivalent overall elastic modulus and distinctive distributions. The results revealed that all FGM bone plates exhibited lower stress shielding effects compared to metal bone plates. Particularly, the FGM plate with an elastic modulus gradually increased from the centre to both sides and provided maximum stress stimulation and the most uniform stress distribution within the fractured area. These findings offer crucial insights for designing implantable medical devices that possess enhanced mechanical adaptability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17020414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1705303507000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring Advanced Functionalities of Carbon Fiber-Graded PEEK Composites as Bone Fixation Plates Using Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3365-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenggong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pihua","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yigeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengxiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-1526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guogang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2003.08.003","article-title":"Modelling Bone Tissue Fracture and Healing: A Review","volume":"71","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eng. 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