{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:38:42Z","timestamp":1791549522633,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department major science and technology special plan","award":["202102AG050043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AG050043"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department major science and technology special plan","award":["52068038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52068038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department major science and technology special plan","award":["202101AT070089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070089"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department major science and technology special plan","award":["202202AG050020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202AG050020"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["202102AG050043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AG050043"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52068038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52068038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["202101AT070089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070089"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["202202AG050020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202AG050020"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["202102AG050043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AG050043"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["52068038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52068038"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["202101AT070089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070089"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["202202AG050020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202AG050020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Taking advantage of the strong adsorption characteristics of coffee grounds (CGs) and coffee ground biochar (CGB), this research employed equal amounts of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% CGs and CGB to replace cement. This study thereby examined the impacts of CGs and CGB on cement compressive strength, as well as their abilities to adsorb chloride ions and formaldehyde. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG\u2212DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X\u2212ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to investigate the hydration mechanism and characterize the microscopic structure. The results show the following: (1) The presence of a substantial quantity of organic compounds in CGs is found to have an adverse effect on both the compressive strength and hydration degree of the sample. The use of CGB after high-temperature pyrolysis of phosphoric acid can effectively improve the negative impact of organic compounds on the sample. (2) The addition of CGs reduces the adsorption of chloride ions by cement, primarily due to the presence of fewer hydration products. However, when CGB was incorporated into cement, it enhanced the ability to adsorb chloride ions. (3) Cement containing 8% CGB content can slightly enhance the adsorption of formaldehyde. However, the cement sample with 8% CGB content exhibited the most significant ability to adsorb formaldehyde.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17040907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T11:19:01Z","timestamp":1707995941000},"page":"907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Coffee Grounds\/Coffee Ground Biochar on Cement Hydration and Adsorption Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2290-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianmin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130753","article-title":"Metabolite Characterization of Fifteen By-Products of the Coffee Production Chain: From Farm to Factory","volume":"369","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2018.06.002","article-title":"Particuology Spent Coffee Grounds as a Renewable Source of Energy: An Analysis of Bulk Powder Flowability","volume":"43","author":"Sousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6223(95)00179-4","article-title":"Active Carbon for Removal of Toxic Chemicals from Contaminated Water","volume":"34","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2004.04.007","article-title":"Role of Chemical Activation in the Development of Carbon Porosity. 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