{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:58:34Z","timestamp":1777600714371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11331013-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11331013-331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the high cost and limited sources of cerium coagulants, it is extremely important to take measures to recycle this raw material. This paper presents the new possibility of recovering cerium(III) chloride, cerium(III) sulphate, cerium(IV) sulphate, and potentially phosphate from sewage sludge (101.5 g\/kg Ce and 22.2 g\/kg total P) through a brewery wastewater treatment process using recycled CeCl3 as a coagulant. In order to recover the Ce and P, the sludge was subjected to extraction using an HCl solution. Optimal process conditions were determined by means of central composite design and response surface methodology (CCD\/RSM) for three input parameters (HCl mass, reaction time, and extractant volume). Under optimal conditions (0.35 g HCl per 1 g of sludge, 40 min reaction time, extractant volume of 25 mL per 1 g of sludge), the highest efficiency obtained was 99.6% and 97.5% for Ce and P, respectively. Cerium(III) oxalate as Ce2(C2O4)3\u221910H2O was precipitated from the obtained solution using H2C2O4 (99.97%) and decomposed into CeO2 (at 350 \u00b0C), which was afterwards subjected to a reaction with HCl (30%, m\/m) and H2O2 (30%, m\/m), which led to the crystallisation of CeCl3\u22197H2O with a purity of 98.6% and a yield of 97.0%. The obtained CeO2 was also subjected to a reaction with H2SO4 (96%, m\/m) and H2O2 (30%, m\/m), which produced Ce2(SO4)3 with a yield of 97.4%. The CeO2 was also subjected to a reaction with only H2SO4 (96%, m\/m), which produced Ce(SO4)2 with a yield of 98.3%. The filtrate obtained after filtering the Ce2(C2O4)3\u221910H2O contained 570 mg\/L of P, which enabled its use as a source of phosphorus compounds. The presented processes of Ce and potentially P recovery from sewage sludge originating from brewery wastewater contribute to the idea of a circular economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17040938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1708498222000},"page":"938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recovery of Cerium Salts from Sewage Sludge Resulting from the Coagulation of Brewery Wastewater with Recycled Cerium Coagulant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4947-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Lejwoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Saving and Air Protection, Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Plac Gwark\u00f3w 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6002-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Bia\u0142ecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Monitoring, Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Plac Gwark\u00f3w 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Barbusi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7348-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9782-y","article-title":"The Chemistry and Toxicity of Discharge Waters from Copper Mine Tailing Impoundment in the Valley of the Apuseni Mountains in Romania","volume":"24","author":"Rzymski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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