{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:31:08Z","timestamp":1791894668450,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials (Wuhan University of Science and Technology)","award":["2023A0203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A0203"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials (Wuhan University of Science and Technology)","award":["2022CFA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFA003"]}]},{"name":"\u201cThe 14th Five Year Plan\u201d Hubei Provincial advantaged characteristic disciplines (groups) project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology","award":["2023A0203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A0203"]}]},{"name":"\u201cThe 14th Five Year Plan\u201d Hubei Provincial advantaged characteristic disciplines (groups) project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology","award":["2022CFA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFA003"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["2023A0203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A0203"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["2022CFA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFA003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon-based composite materials, denoted as C\/C composites and possessing high thermal conductivity, were synthesized utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) preform methodology. This involved the orthogonal weaving of mesophase pitch-based fibers in an X (Y) direction derived from low-temperature carbonization, and commercial PAN-based carbon fibers in a Z direction. The 3D preforms were saturated with mesophase pitch in their raw state through a hot-pressing process, which was executed under relatively low pressure at a predetermined temperature. Further densification was achieved by successive stages of mesophase pitch impregnation (MPI), followed by impregnation with coal pitch under high pressure (IPI). The microstructure and thermal conductivity of the C\/C composites were systematically examined using a suite of analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and PLM, amongst others. The findings suggest that the volumetric fraction of fibers and the directional alignment of the mesophase pitch molecules can be enhanced via hot pressing. The high graphitization degree of the mesophase pitch matrix results in an increased microcrystalline size and thus improved thermal conductivity of the C\/C composite. Conversely, the orientation of the medium-temperature coal pitch matrix is relatively low, which compensates for the structural inadequacies of the composite material, albeit contributing minimally to the thermal conductivity of the resultant C\/C composites. Following several stages of impregnation with mesophase pitch and subsequent impregnation with medium-temperature coal pitch, the 3D C\/C composites yielded a density of 1.83 and 2.02 g\/cm3. The thermal conductivity in the X (Y) direction was found to be 358 and 400 W\/(m\u00b7K), respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17050983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1708498222000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Microstructure and Thermal Conductive Behavior of Three-Dimensional Carbon\/Carbon Composites with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Baoliu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Pilot Base on Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huitao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baowu Carbon Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201999, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baowu Carbon Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201999, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Pilot Base on Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Pilot Base on Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Pilot Base on Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Pilot Base on Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2016.04.001","article-title":"A review of design issues specific to hypersonic flight vehicles","volume":"84","author":"Sziroczak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. 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