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One interesting alternative is the production of additives from various waste materials. The extensive testing of waste-based blends with soil was performed; the mechanical (unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) and hydraulic (capillary rise, water absorption, and frost resistance (FR)) soil properties were measured. The optimization process led to obtaining additive compositions ensuring high strength and sealing properties: by-pass ash from the ceramics industry, waste H2SO4, pyrolytic waxes\/oils from waste mixed plastics, waste tires and HDPE, and emulsion from chewing gum waste. For sandy soil, the following additives were the most promising: emulsion from pyrolytic wax (EPW) from waste PE foil (WPEF) with the addition of waste H2SO4, pyrolytic-oil emulsion from waste tires, EPW from waste mixed plastics with the addition of \u201cby-pass\u201d waste ash and NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, and EPW from WPEF reaching up to 93% FR, a 79.6% 7-day UCS increase, and a 27.6% of 28-day UCS increase. For clay: EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of waste H2SO4, and solely EPW from WPEF reaching up to 7.5% FR, an 80.7% 7-day UCS increase, and a 119.1% 28-day UCS increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17092000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"2000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives\u2014Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Witold","family":"Waci\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cWACI\u0143SKI\u201d Construction Company, D\u0142uga 15 Str., 83-307 Kie\u0142pino, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksawery","family":"Kuligowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 Str., 80-231 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Olejarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego 8 Str., 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cWACI\u0143SKI\u201d Construction Company, D\u0142uga 15 Str., 83-307 Kie\u0142pino, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5664-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"Urbaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego 8 Str., 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Cyske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pracownia Drogowa Waldemar Cyske, Bor\u00f3wkowa Str. 51, 83-010 Rotmanka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9776-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kazimierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 Str., 80-231 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Tylingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowiczas Str. 11\/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Mania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowiczas Str. 11\/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Cenian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 Str., 80-231 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, A. 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