{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:10:26Z","timestamp":1789510226644,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014271","name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKM\/MN-5\/IMECH\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKM\/MN-5\/IMECH\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we analysed the potential use of dried strawberry leaves and calyces for the production of nanoparticles using inorganic iron compounds. We used the following iron precursors FeCl3 \u00d7 6H2O, FeCl2 \u00d7 4H2O, Fe(NO3)3 \u00d7 9H2O, Fe2(SO4)3 \u00d7 H2O, FeSO4 \u00d7 7H2O, FeCl3 anhydrous. It was discovered that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in dried strawberries and their antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP were 346.81 \u00b5M TE\/1 g and 331.71 \u00b5M TE\/1 g, respectively, and were similar to these of green tea extracts. Microimages made using TEM techniques allowed for the isolation of a few nanoparticles with dimensions ranging from tens of nanometres to several micrometres. The value of the electrokinetic potential in all samples was negative and ranged from \u221221,300 mV to \u221211,183 mV. XRF analyses confirmed the presence of iron ranging from 0.13% to 0.92% in the samples with a concentration of 0.01 mol\/dm3. FT-IR spectra analyses showed bands characteristic of nanoparticles. In calorimetric measurements, no increase in temperature was observed in any of the tests during exposure to the electromagnetic field. In summary, using the extract from dried strawberry leaves and calyxes as a reagent, we can obtain iron nanoparticles with sizes dependent on the concentration of the precursor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17112515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:04:25Z","timestamp":1716455065000},"page":"2515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Extract of Strawberry (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa Duchesne) Leaf Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"G\u00f3ral-Kowalczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Forestry and Transport Machines, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 G\u0142\u0119boka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Grz\u0105dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Orze\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"G\u00f3ral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 G\u0142\u0119boka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Skrzypek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Rac\u0142awickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2155-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Kobus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology Fundamentals, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 G\u0142\u0119boka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nawrocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Properties of Plant Materials, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do\u015bwiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127509","article-title":"Green synthesis and environmental application of iron-based nanomaterials and nanocomposite: A review","volume":"259","author":"Mondal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3ral, D., and G\u00f3ral-Kowalczyk, M. 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