{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:27:46Z","timestamp":1787614066432,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RJO\/SDW\/005-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RJO\/SDW\/005-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04\/040\/RGJ23\/0252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04\/040\/RGJ23\/0252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rector of Silesian University of Technology","award":["RJO\/SDW\/005-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RJO\/SDW\/005-04"]}]},{"name":"Rector of Silesian University of Technology","award":["04\/040\/RGJ23\/0252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04\/040\/RGJ23\/0252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes studies on the preparation of an o\u2013cresol\u2013furfural\u2013formaldehyde resin in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and its modification with n-butanol or 2-ethylhexanol. The novelty of this research is to obtain a furfural-based resin of the resole type and its etherification. Such resins are not described in the literature and also are not available on the market. The obtained resin based on furfural, which can be obtained from agricultural waste, had a low minimum content of free o\u2013cresol &lt; 1 wt.%, furfural &lt; 0.1 wt.%, and formaldehyde &lt; 0.1 wt.%. The resin structure was characterized by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy, which showed the presence of hydroxymethylene groups in the resin before modification and alkyl groups derived from n-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol after modification. The etherified resins had a lower viscosity and were more flexible (DSC) than the resin before modification and they can be used as an environmentally friendly, safe, and sustainable alternative to traditional phenol\u2013formaldehyde resins in the paint industry. They demonstrate the ability to create a protective coating with good adherence to metal substrates and an excellent balance of flexibility and hardness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17133072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T05:16:18Z","timestamp":1719206178000},"page":"3072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Environmentally Friendly o\u2013Cresol\u2013Furfural\u2013Formaldehyde Resin as an Alternative to Traditional Phenol\u2013Formaldehyde Resins for Paint Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8116-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Depta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2014The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis \u201cBlachownia\u201d, Energetyk\u00f3w 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Napi\u00f3rkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2014The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis \u201cBlachownia\u201d, Energetyk\u00f3w 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2014The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis \u201cBlachownia\u201d, Energetyk\u00f3w 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"G\u0119bura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2014The Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis \u201cBlachownia\u201d, Energetyk\u00f3w 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Niewolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jaszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2013.09.015","article-title":"Furan resins as replacement of phenolic protective coatings: Structural, mechanical and functional characterization","volume":"77","author":"Rivero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Org. 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