{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:11:56Z","timestamp":1776831116206,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program","award":["101060941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101060941"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use and integration of novel materials are increasingly becoming vital tools in the field of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Chemical factors, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but also environmental factors such as high relative humidity, can lead to degradation, oxidation, yellowing, and fading of the works of art. To prevent these phenomena, highly porous materials have been developed for the absorption of VOCs and for controlling the relative humidity. In this work, graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) were combined to create three-dimensional aerogels that absorb certain harmful substances. More specifically, the addition of the TMDs molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide in such macrostructures led to the selective absorption of ammonia. Moreover, the addition of the ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride promoted higher rates of VOCs absorption and anti-fungal activity against the fungus Aspergillus niger. These two-dimensional materials outperform benchmark porous absorbers in the absorption of all the examined VOCs, such as ammonia, formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. Consequently, they can be used by museums, galleries, or even storage places for the perpetual protection of works of art.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17133174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T09:06:07Z","timestamp":1719824767000},"page":"3174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antifungal Hybrid Graphene\u2013Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Aerogels with an Ionic Liquid Additive as Innovative Absorbers for Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Gorgolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH\/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kotsidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), SP35d, 9, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Mazzurco Miritana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), SP35d, 9, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsa Lesaria","family":"Nhuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves 9500, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Martins Leal Schrekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves 9500, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeniffer Alves","family":"Cuty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves 9500, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri Stephan","family":"Schrekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves 9500, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Paterakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH\/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Androulidakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Koutroumanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costas","family":"Galiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH\/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.05.082","article-title":"Impact of reaction products from building materials and furnishings on indoor air quality\u2014A review of recent advances in indoor chemistry","volume":"41","author":"Uhde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. 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