{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1792066537672,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union (NextGeneration EU)","award":["ECS00000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-performance hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors are mandatory for many industrial applications. However, the development of H2S sensors still remains a challenge for researchers. In this work, we report the study of a TiO2-based conductometric sensor for H2S monitoring at low concentrations. TiO2 samples were first synthesized using the sol-gel route, annealed at different temperatures (400 and 600 \u00b0C), and thoroughly characterized to evaluate their morphological and microstructural properties. Scanning electronic microscopy, Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy have demonstrated the formation of clusters of pure anatase in the TiO2 phase. Increasing the calcination temperature to 600 \u00b0C enhanced TiO2 crystallinity and particle size (from 11 nm to 51 nm), accompanied by the transition to the rutile phase and a slight decrease in band gap (3.31 eV for 400 \u00b0C to 3.26 eV for 600 \u00b0C). Sensing tests demonstrate that TiO2 annealed at 400 \u00b0C displays good performances (sensor response Ra\/Rg of ~3.3 at 2.5 ppm and fast response\/recovery of 8 and 23 s, respectively) for the detection of H2S at low concentrations in air.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17133283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T09:23:59Z","timestamp":1719998639000},"page":"3283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Conductometric H2S Sensors Based on TiO2 Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yassine","family":"Alaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malek","family":"Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noureddine","family":"Bouguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lassaad","family":"El Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enza","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1497-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Corsaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.155015","article-title":"Synthesis and Density Functional Theory Study of Free-Standing Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Array Film for H2S Gas Sensing Properties at Low Temperature","volume":"832","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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