{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:25:04Z","timestamp":1790205904826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norwegian Financial Mechanism and National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR)","award":["NOR\/SGS\/BioAbsMat\/0096\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOR\/SGS\/BioAbsMat\/0096\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of bioabsorbable implants from Zn alloys is one of the main interests in the new generation of biomaterials. The main drawbacks of Zn-based materials are their insufficient mechanical properties. In the presented studies, a quaternary alloy composed of zinc with magnesium (0.2\u20131 wt. %), calcium (0.1\u20130.5 wt. %) and strontium (0.05\u20130.5 wt. %) was prepared by gravity casting followed by hot extrusion and then by hydrostatic extrusion. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis was performed. The mechanical properties were examined, using static tensile tests. Corrosion properties were analyzed using immersion tests. Samples were immersed in Hanks\u2019 solution (temperature = 37 \u00b0C, pH = 7.4) for 14 days. All alloys were subjected after corrosion to SEM observations on the surface and cross-section. The corrosion rate was also calculated. The microstructure of the investigated quaternary alloy consists of the \u03b1-Zn grains and intermetallic phases Mg2Zn11, CaZn13 and SrZn13 with different grain sizes and distribution, which impacted both mechanical and corrosion properties. Thanks to the alloying by the addition of Mg, Ca, and Sr and plastic deformation using hydrostatic extrusion, outstanding mechanical properties were obtained along with improvement in uniformity of corrosion rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17143496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T14:15:49Z","timestamp":1721052949000},"page":"3496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quaternary Zinc Alloys with Magnesium, Calcium and Strontium after Hydrostatic Extrusion\u2014Microstructure and Its Impact on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bieda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5295-1131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Gozdur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Gieleciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jarz\u0119bska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-0146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Rogal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-9915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Skiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300226","article-title":"Zinc exhibits ideal physiological corrosion behavior for bioabsorbable stents","volume":"25","author":"Bowen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. 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