{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:35:41Z","timestamp":1787236541056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51478288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51478288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SJCX22-1587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX22-1587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Graduate Student Practice Innovation Program Project","award":["51478288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51478288"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Graduate Student Practice Innovation Program Project","award":["SJCX22-1587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX22-1587"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physicochemical properties of steel slag were investigated using SEM and IR, and it was found that free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide in steel slag produce calcium hydroxide when in contact with water, leading to volume expansion. Thus, the expansion rate of steel slag itself was first investigated, and it was found that the volume expansion of steel slag was more obvious in seven days after water immersion. Then, the cement dosages of 5% and 6% of the steel slag expansion rate and cement-stabilized gravel volume changes between the intrinsic link were further explored after the study found that the cement bonding effect can be partially inhibited due to the volume of expansion caused by the steel slag, so it can be seen that increasing the dosage of cement can reduce the volume expansion of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel with the same dosage of steel slag. Finally, a prediction model of the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel based on the BP (back propagation) neural network was established, which was verified to be a reliable basis for predicting the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized aggregates and improving the accuracy of the proportioning design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17143558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T14:59:50Z","timestamp":1721314790000},"page":"3558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study on Expansion Rate of Steel Slag Cement-Stabilized Macadam Based on BP Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hengyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1370-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiju","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136037","article-title":"Microscale characterization of an anti-cracking stone base course filled with cement stabilized macadam","volume":"425","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. 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