{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T07:03:22Z","timestamp":1780815802859,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51801033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51801033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A01029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A01029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515012129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Zhanjiang","award":["51801033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51801033"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Zhanjiang","award":["2022A01029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A01029"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Zhanjiang","award":["2021A1515012129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012129"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China","award":["51801033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51801033"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China","award":["2022A01029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A01029"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China","award":["2021A1515012129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Changes in temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen content, and nutrients, which are key factors that cause metal corrosion, are common in marine thermoclines. To study the corrosion behaviours and reveal the corrosion mechanisms of metals in a marine thermocline, COMSOL 6.2 software is used in this paper. With this software, the corrosion behaviour of Q345 steel in a thermocline is numerically simulated, and a simulated marine thermocline is built indoors for experimental research purposes. The corrosion behaviour and mechanism of Q345 steel in a marine thermocline were investigated through numerical simulation, electrochemical testing, and corrosion morphology observation. After 21 days of immersion in the simulated marine thermocline, Q345 steel specimens at different depths are shown to have undergone vertical galvanic corrosion, with two anodes and two cathodes. At depths of 70 m and 150 m, the Q345 steel becomes the anode in the galvanic corrosion reaction, while at depths of 110 m and 190 m, the Q345 steel becomes the cathode in the galvanic corrosion reaction. The cathode is protected by the anode and has a relatively low corrosion rate. The main reason underlying these phenomena is that there are large differences in the dissolved oxygen contents and temperatures at different depths in a thermocline. The different dissolved oxygen contents lead to differences in the oxygen concentrations of Q345 steel specimens at various depths. These variations trigger galvanic coupling corrosion. Moreover, the difference in temperature further aggravates the degree of galvanic corrosion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17153808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T18:04:59Z","timestamp":1722535499000},"page":"3808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Numerical Simulation Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Q345 Steel in a Simulated Marine Thermocline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiezhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection of Ocean Engineering Equipment, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Ocean Equipment and Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peichang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection of Ocean Engineering Equipment, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2021.110350","article-title":"Hot corrosion damage mechanism of Ti6Al4V alloy in marine environment","volume":"191","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoes.2023.100374","article-title":"Study of short-term corrosion behavior of Q345 steel in marine atmospheric environment","volume":"18","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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