{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:26:46Z","timestamp":1781803606248,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIOSTRATEG3\/344303\/14\/NCBR\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG3\/344303\/14\/NCBR\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combining steel with wood has been practised for many years. The issue is related to two main areas, i.e., bonding steel elements with wood so that they serve as connectors facilitating the assembly of wood elements and bonding steel elements to wood beams to improve their load-bearing capacity. In the first case, the adhesives used may be relatively expensive and more difficult to apply, whereas in the second one, especially when steel elements are glued inside the glulam (GL) beams, it is better if the adhesives used are more accessible to apply and cheaper. As it seems rational to reinforce wood with high-modulus ties, research has been carried out to compare the connection quality of commercially available adhesives that can be used for this purpose. Moreover, thermosetting adhesives have been applied as an alternative and cheaper solution. Thermostat adhesives also have a high pH of the bond, which prevents the steel from rusting. The research shows that the load-bearing capacity of the bond depends on whether the bars are ribbed or sheet metal. Moreover, among thermosetting adhesives, the most favourable load-bearing values were obtained using a mixture of PF\/pMDI (phenol formaldehyde resin\/polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate) and powder from recycled tyres. The shear strength of these joints was 1.63 N\/mm2 and 3.14 N\/mm2 for flat specimens and specimens with ribbed bars, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17163897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1722957856000},"page":"3897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Analysis of Bonding in Steel Glued into Pine Timber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Derkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7250-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Chuda-Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Analysis, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Kawalerczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Dziurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslaw","family":"Mirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-627 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakata, H., Abe, H., and Ito, H. (2001, January 29\u201331). Moment resisting finger joints of glulam frame knees. Proceedings of the Innovative Wooden Structures and Bridges, Lahti, Finland.","DOI":"10.2749\/222137801796349231"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"An assessment of common test methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of structural end-jointed lumber","volume":"55","author":"Kent","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Prod. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-006-0144-6","article-title":"Die Biegefestigkeit von Keilzinkenverbindungen aus Brettern der Buche Fagus sylvatica L.","volume":"64","author":"Frese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Holz Als Roh Werkst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00002612","article-title":"Untersuchungen zum Einflu\u00df\u2009der Keilzinkengeometrie auf die Zugfestigkeit keilgezinkter Brettschichtholz-Lamellen","volume":"57","author":"Aicher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Holz Als Roh Werkst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-009-0316-2","article-title":"Bending strength of spruce glulam","volume":"67","author":"Frese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2013). Timber Structures\u2014Glued Laminated Timber and Structural Glued Solid Timber\u2014Requirements (Standard No. EN 14080:2013)."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-021-01770-7","article-title":"Finger-jointing of green Eucalyptus globulus L. wood with one-component polyurethane adhesives","volume":"80","author":"Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121591","article-title":"Glued-laminated timber from northern hardwoods: Effect of finger-joint profile on lamellae tensile strength","volume":"271","author":"Blanchet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stolze, H., Schuh, M., Kegel, S., F\u00fcrk\u00f6tter-Ziegenbein, C., Brischke, C., and Militz, H. (2021). Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Delamination Resistance of Beech Finger-Joints in Varying Ambient Climates. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12121672"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finel.2023.103936","article-title":"A new locking-free finite element for N-layer composite beams with interlayer slips and finger joints","volume":"220","author":"Fortuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Finite Elem. Anal. Des."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieder, R., and Brandner, R. (2022). Probabilistic Models for the Tensile Properties of Split Boards and Their Application for the Prediction of Bending Properties of Engineered Timber Products Made of Norway Spruce. Buildings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12081143"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-014-0424-2","article-title":"Bending tests on GLT beams having well-known local material properties","volume":"48","author":"Fink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derkowski, A., Kuli\u0144ski, M., Troci\u0144ski, A., Kawalerczyk, J., and Mirski, R. (2022). Mechanical Characterization of Glued Laminated Beams Containing Selected Wood Species in the Tension Zone. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15186380"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9, A., Kliger, R., and Haghani, R. (2012, January 13\u201315). Timber reinforced FRP: Compression failure mechanism. Proceedings of the Composites in Civil Engineering, Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Kliger, R., Johansson, M., Al-Emrani, M., and Crocetti, R. (2008, January 2\u20135). Strengthening timber with CFRP or steel plates\u2014Short and long-term performance. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Miyazaki, Japan."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2011.01.029","article-title":"Low-grade laminated timber reinforced with FRP plate","volume":"42","author":"Raftery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compos. Part B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wdowiak-Postulak, A., and Brol, J. (2020). Ductility of the Tensile Zone in Bent Wooden Beams Strengthened with CFRP Materials. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13235451"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wdowiak-Postulak, A. (2021). Basalt Fibre Reinforcement of Bent Heterogeneous Glued Laminated Beams. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010051"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.026","article-title":"FRP reinforcement of low-grade glulam timber bonded with wood adhesive","volume":"91","author":"Raftery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1177\/073168403035583","article-title":"The Use of FRP Composites in Enhancing the Structural Behavior of Timber Beams","volume":"22","author":"Gilfillan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Reinf. Plast. Compos."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109702","article-title":"The mechano-sorptive creep behavior of basalt FRP reinforced timber elements in a variable climate","volume":"200","author":"Sikora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"195","article-title":"Timber member resistance to snow and wind loads in Polish mountain zones","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drewno"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"535","article-title":"Ductility of timber Beams Strengthened Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer","volume":"7","author":"Yusof","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Civ. Eng. Archit."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.747.212","article-title":"Bending Reinforcement of Full-Scale Beams with Mechanically Attached GFRP Composite Plates","volume":"747","author":"Pupsys","year":"2017","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0963693519867335","article-title":"Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of BFRP-bamboo composite beam","volume":"28","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.135","article-title":"Flexural behavior of FRP and steel reinforced glulam beams: Experimental and theoretical evaluation","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Esperimental investigation of cracked end-notched glulam beams repaired with GFRP bars","volume":"64","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wood Res."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Jasie\u0144ko, J., and Nowak, T. (2007, January 11\u201316). Strenghtening of Bent Timber Beams in Historical Objects. Proceedings of the ICOMOS IWC\u2014XVI Interational Symposium, Florence, Italy."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Nowak, T. (2007). Static Performance Analysis of Flexural Reinforced Timber Beams Using CFRP. [Ph.D. Thesis, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology]. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20426445.2016.1232929","article-title":"A database model for the analysis and assessment of historic timber roof structures","volume":"8","author":"Serafini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Wood Prod. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.013","article-title":"Advanced wood engineering: Glulam beams","volume":"19","author":"Issa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.016","article-title":"Prestressed glulam timbers reinforced with steel bars","volume":"30","author":"Marano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.087","article-title":"Analytical study and finite element modelling of timber connections with glued-in rods in bending","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2016.05.016","article-title":"Mechanical performance of glued-laminated timber beams symmetrically reinforced with steel bars","volume":"150","author":"Soriano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/17480272.2020.1869998","article-title":"Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility","volume":"17","author":"Livas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wood Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"06015011","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001435","article-title":"Bond Behavior between Softwood Glulam and Epoxy Bonded-In Threaded Steel Rod","volume":"28","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-0618(00)00066-0","article-title":"Effect of timber moisture content on bonded-in rods","volume":"15","author":"Broughton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1179\/1432891715Z.0000000001377","article-title":"Flexural behaviour of glulam bamboo beams reinforced with near-surface mounted steel bars","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Innov."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.079","article-title":"Post-tensioning of glulam timber with steel tendons","volume":"73","author":"McConnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-0618(01)00002-2","article-title":"Resin-injected dowel joints in glulam and structural timber composites","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2014.01.014","article-title":"Mechanical behaviour of ultra-high-performance fibrous-concrete wood panels reinforced by FRP bars","volume":"60","author":"Ferrier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.033","article-title":"Experimental investigation of flexural behavior of glulam beams reinforced with different bonding surface materials","volume":"158","author":"Uzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124008","article-title":"The bending-shear behaviors of steel reinforced fast-growing poplar glulam beams with different shear-span ratios","volume":"300","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukin, M., Prusov, E., Roshchina, S., Karelina, M., and Vatin, N. (2021). Multi-Span Composite Timber Beams with Rational Steel Reinforcements. Buildings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings11020046"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2018). Steel with Increased Toughness for Concrete Reinforcement. Bars and Ribbed Rods (Standard No. PN-H-93220: 2018). (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2009). Reinforcement Steels\u2014Reinforcement Steel Bars (Standard No. DIN 488-2: 2009)."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1002\/app.27456","article-title":"Properties of phenol\u2013formaldehyde resin modified with organic acid esters","volume":"107","author":"Mirski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1163\/156856108X319935","article-title":"Morphological Analysis of PF\/pMDI Hybrid Wood Adhesives","volume":"22","author":"Riedlinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.15.3.5388-5401","article-title":"The effect of nanocellulose addition to phenol-formaldehyde adhesive in water-resistant plywood manufacturing","volume":"15","author":"Kawalerczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2860(80)85063-0","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy in polymer research","volume":"59","author":"Siesler","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/05704920701829043","article-title":"Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Biological Tissues","volume":"43","author":"Movasaghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1039\/an9638800906","article-title":"Thermogravimetric analysis. A review","volume":"88","author":"Coats","year":"1963","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60168a012","article-title":"A Convenient System of Thermogravimetric Analysis and of Differential Thermal Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Markowitz","year":"1960","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Muth, J.E. (2019). Tests to Evaluate Potential Outliers. Practical Statistics for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33989-0_8"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"511","article-title":"Some Operators for ANOVA Calculations","volume":"11","author":"Fowlkes","year":"1969","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25131","article-title":"On the use of post-hoc tests in environmental and biological sciences: A critical review","volume":"10","author":"Agbangba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2005.02.007","article-title":"A new software for carrying out one-way ANOVA post hoc tests","volume":"79","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"115","article-title":"Properties of Liquid and Polycondensed UF Resin Modified with pMDI","volume":"65","author":"Dziurka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wood Ind."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Kemmsies, M. (1999). Comparison of Pull-Out Strengths of 12 Adhesives for Glued-In Rods for Timber Structures, SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000735","article-title":"Provisions for Ductile Behavior of Timber-to-Steel Connections with Multiple Glued-In Rods","volume":"139","author":"Parida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Aicher, S., Gustafsson, P.J., and Wolf, M. (1999). Load Displacement and Bond Strength of Glued-in Rods in Timber Influenced by Adhesive, Wood Density, Rod Slenderness and Diameter, RILEM Publications."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2018.10.008","article-title":"The interfacial interaction between isocyanate and stainless steel","volume":"88","author":"Tardio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/00218460309554","article-title":"The adhesion of isocyanate-based polymers to steel","volume":"79","author":"Dillingham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazli, A., and Rodrigue, D. (2020). Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)\/Rubber Compounds: A Review. J. Compos. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs4030103"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7008","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-016-9989-1","article-title":"Formation of submicrometer titanium carbide from a titanium dioxide encapsulated in phenolic resin","volume":"51","author":"Gou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-018-7211-1","article-title":"New thermal study of polymerization and degradation kinetics of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate","volume":"133","author":"Alarcon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(96)03017-1","article-title":"A new method for DTA measurement of enthalpy change during the pyrolysis of rubbers","volume":"288","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702953963751","article-title":"Isocyanate-wood adhesive bond","volume":"49","author":"Weaver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00218460500418623","article-title":"Investigation of adhesion performance of aqueous polymer latex modifed by polymeric methylene diisocyanate","volume":"82","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adhes."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/16\/3897\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:30:54Z","timestamp":1760110254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/16\/3897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ma17163897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17163897","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]}}}