{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:08Z","timestamp":1760145728946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing demand for effective bone regeneration materials drives the exploration of biomaterials with enhanced bioactivity and biocompatibility, such as zinc-substituted compounds. This study investigates the in vitro cellular interactions with nanostructured spheres composed of alginate\/carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), compared to zinc-substituted CHA (ZnCHA). This work aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and biological effects of ZnCHA and CHA on osteoblasts. ZnCHA was synthesized using a wet chemical method, followed by characterization through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, total organic carbon analysis, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and BET surface area analysis to assess ion release and structural changes. Biological evaluation was conducted using cell viability, proliferation, and biomineralization assays on osteoblasts. Results showed successful incorporation of zinc and carbonate, leading to reduced crystallinity and increased surface area. Cell viability and proliferation assays indicated ZnCHA\u2019s cytocompatibility and enhanced osteoblastic activity, with increased mineralization nodules compared to CHA samples. The study concludes that ZnCHA composites are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering, demonstrating improved cytocompatibility and potential for further preclinical evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17164092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T06:41:31Z","timestamp":1724049691000},"page":"4092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Cellular Interactions with Nanostructured Spheres of Alginate and Zinc-Substituted Carbonated Hydroxyapatite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Dornelas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoOnco3D, Rio de Janeiro 24033-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24220-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24220-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Dornelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24220-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena Mavropoulos Oliveira","family":"Tude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBPF\u2013Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5775-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Fernando","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre da Malta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBPF\u2013Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gutemberg Gomes","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24220-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24220-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-014-5240-2","article-title":"Bone Substitutes in Orthopaedic Surgery: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice","volume":"25","author":"Campana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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