{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:40:01Z","timestamp":1792194001137,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province","award":["222102320443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102320443"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province","award":["242102241019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102241019"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province","award":["22B580003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22B580003"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province","award":["2020 J-2-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 J-2-12"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Henan Province","award":["222102320443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102320443"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Henan Province","award":["242102241019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102241019"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Henan Province","award":["22B580003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22B580003"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Henan Province","award":["2020 J-2-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 J-2-12"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Department of Transportation Technology Project","award":["222102320443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102320443"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Department of Transportation Technology Project","award":["242102241019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102241019"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Department of Transportation Technology Project","award":["22B580003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22B580003"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Department of Transportation Technology Project","award":["2020 J-2-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 J-2-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The length of basalt fibers affects the performance of asphalt mixtures. To explore the influence of different lengths of basalt fibers on the performance of asphalt mixtures, this study selected basalt fibers with lengths of 6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm to design gradations that were incorporated into asphalt mixtures to prepare specimens. High-temperature rutting tests, immersion Marshall tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, and low-temperature splitting tests were conducted, resulting in 11 test mix designs and 12 test indicators. Then, a multi-objective grey target decision method was used to optimize the optimal combination ratio of basalt fiber lengths. The results indicate that compared to asphalt mixtures with single-length basalt fibers, incorporating well-combined basalt fibers significantly enhances the high-temperature, low-temperature, and water stability performance of asphalt mixtures. According to the grey target decision method, this study determined that a basalt fiber combination ratio of 3:4:3 for lengths of 6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm provides the best overall performance of asphalt mixtures. Additionally, when designing asphalt mixtures with graded basalt fibers, the inclusion of 9 mm fibers should be the primary control point. These research findings provide important guidance for the enhanced application of basalt fibers in road engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17194706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1727284324000},"page":"4706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Performance Study of Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Gradated Basalt Fibers of Mixed Lengths"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiang","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 451450, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Jiaoyuan Engineering Group Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 451450, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinggan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 451450, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120309","article-title":"Effects of aging on asphalt mixture and pavement performance","volume":"258","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103742","article-title":"Variability evaluation of gradation for asphalt mixture in asphalt pavement construction","volume":"128","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121704","article-title":"Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"266","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e01131","article-title":"Study on pavement performance of steel slag asphalt mixture based on surface treatment","volume":"16","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454029","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3454029","article-title":"Application of Epoxy-Asphalt Composite in Asphalt Paving Industry: A Review with Emphasis on Physicochemical Properties and Pavement Performances","volume":"2021","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slebi-Acevedo, C.J., Lastra-Gonz\u00e1lez, P., Calzada-P\u00e9rez, M.A., and Castro-Fresno, D. (2020). Effect of synthetic fibers and hydrated lime in porous asphalt mixture using multi-criteria decision-making techniques. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030675"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.222","article-title":"Study of the porous asphalt performance with cellulosic fibers. Constr","volume":"135","author":"Afonso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/10298436.2019.1577421","article-title":"Short-and long-term properties of glass fiber reinforced asphalt mixtures","volume":"22","author":"Enieb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kou, C., Wu, X., Xiao, P., Liu, Y., and Wu, Z.G. (2020). Physical, Rheological, and Morphological Properties of Asphalt Reinforced by Basalt Fiber and Lignin Fiber. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13112520"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1561","article-title":"Effect of basalt fiber on the low-temperature performance of a bitumen mixture in a heavily frozen area","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.117628","article-title":"Experimental study on mechanical properties and durability of basalt fiber reinforced coral aggregate concrete","volume":"237","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.131548","article-title":"Fracture studies on basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement derived aggregates and warm mix additives","volume":"386","author":"Adepu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Li, L., Zhou, P., Zhang, Y., and Liu, H. (2019). Multi-Objective Optimization Design and Test of Compound Diatomite and Basalt Fiber Asphalt Mixture. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12091461"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Wang, W., Gong, Y., Wang, S., Yang, S., and Sun, X. (2018). Comparative Study on the Damage Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with an Eco-Friendly Basalt Fiber under Freeze-thaw Cycles. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122488"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiu, X., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., Xiao, P., and Kang, A. (2023). High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures by Adding Short-Chopped Basalt Fiber. Buildings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13020370"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou, K., Wu, X., Xiao, P., Kang, A., Wu, Z., and Xia, Y. (2021). Comprehensive Study about Effect of Basalt Fiber, Gradation, Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size and Asphalt on the Anti-Cracking Ability of Asphalt Mixtures. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11052289"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.132510","article-title":"Fracture properties of graded basalt fiber reinforced concrete: Experimental study and Mori-Tanaka method application","volume":"398","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, B., Meng, W., Xia, J., and Xiao, P. (2022). Influence of Basalt Fibers on the Crack Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures and Mechanism Analysis. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15030744"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou, K., Wu, X., Xiao, P., and Zhang, C. (2021). Investigation on Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixture Reinforced by Basalt Fiber. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14195596"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, C., Luo, H., Tian, W., Teng, B., Qian, Y., Ai, H., and Xiao, B. (2022). Investigation on Fatigue Performance of Diatomite\/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt Mixture. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14030414"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Guan, B., Xiong, R., and Zhang, A. (2020). Investigation of the Performance of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Mixture. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10051561"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"299","article-title":"The effect of basalt fiber on the performance of stone mastic asphalt","volume":"65","author":"Cetin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Period. Polytech. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123373","article-title":"Performance evaluation and adaptability optimization of hot mix asphalt reinforced by mixed lengths basalt fibers","volume":"292","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.157","article-title":"Development and performance evaluation of epoxy asphalt concrete modified with mineral fiber","volume":"102","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.132753","article-title":"Investigation of fiber length distribution on crack resistance mechanism of basalt fiber asphalt mixture based on digital image processing technology","volume":"401","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.110","article-title":"3D numerical model to investigate the rheological properties of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt-like materials","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/ffe.13207","article-title":"The effect of basalt fibres on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture","volume":"43","author":"Pirmohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129698","article-title":"Optimize the design by evaluating the performance of asphalt mastic reinforced with different basalt fiber lengths and contents","volume":"363","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Cheng, Y., and Tan, G. (2018). Design Optimization of SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixture Reinforced with Eco-Friendly Basalt Fiber Based on Response Surface Methodology. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11081311"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.137234","article-title":"Effect of fiber characteristic parameters on the synergistic action and mechanism of basalt fiber asphalt mortar","volume":"438","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, F., Li, R., Lu, S., Bi, Y., and He, H. (2020). Evaluation of the Effect of Fiber Type, Length, and Content on Asphalt Properties and Asphalt Mixture Performance. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13071556"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1080\/14680629.2019.1568288","article-title":"Evaluation and optimization of bridge deck waterproof bonding system using multi-objective grey target decision method","volume":"21","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Road Mater. Pavement Des."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.168","article-title":"Performance evaluation of tourmaline modified asphalt mixture based on grey target decision method","volume":"205","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"63","article-title":"Length Gradation Design of Basalt Fiber Asphalt Mixture","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Henan Univ. Sci. Technol. (Nat. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"591","article-title":"Multi-objective Weighted Grey Target Decision-making of Asphalt Pavement Pre-maintenance Scheme Based on Three-level Maintenance Standard","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Risk Assessment Theory of the Coal and Gas Outbursts and Its Application to the Entropy Weight and Grey Target Decision Methods","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Saf. Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2011). Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering (Standard No. JTG E20-2011). (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2004). Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavements (Standard No. JTG F40-2004). (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"285","article-title":"Research on Natural Mineral Fiber Improving Asphalt Mixture Performance","volume":"39","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Foreign Road"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/19\/4706\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:02:39Z","timestamp":1760112159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/19\/4706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma17194706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17194706","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}}}