{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:37:38Z","timestamp":1789004258636,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The research described in this study focuses on the development of an innovative upper-limb adapter for young children aged 1\u20133 years who have congenital upper-limb defects. The objective was to create a functional and affordable solution that allows children to engage more safely and actively in physical activities such as cycling. The adapter was designed within the DESIGN+ project at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen in collaboration with the German company Ottobock. The development included a detailed analysis of hand movements during cycling, modelling using CAD software (NX 1888), prototype manufacturing through 3D printing, and subsequent testing. The result is an adapter that allows 360\u00b0 rotation around the arm axis, provides natural hand movement while turning, and is made of soft material to enhance safety. Despite initial challenges and necessary prototype adjustments, a functional and reliable design was achieved. This adapter will contribute to improving the quality of life for children with upper-limb disabilities, supporting their coordination, strength, and confidence in daily activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17194731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T11:40:27Z","timestamp":1727350827000},"page":"4731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and Production of a Children\u2019s Upper-Limb Cycling Adapter Using 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Barbora","family":"Kopov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2762\/22, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bake\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2762\/22, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"\u010c\u00ed\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2732\/8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Hork\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design and Applied Arts, Ladislav Sutnar Faculty of Design and Art, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2732\/8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2732\/8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"R\u00e1\u017e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2732\/8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Chval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitn\u00ed 2732\/8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640500199703","article-title":"Demography and Function of Children with Limb Loss","volume":"29","author":"Bayar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prosthet. 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